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the yellow star becomes obligatory, the SS and French
police plan to arrest non-Jews who wear the star or a derisory insignia. No
demonstrations of importance take place, but in a mood of visible disapproval,
some French non-Jews, most of them young, display their feelings. Fifteen men
and 20 women are arrested in Paris for wearing Jewish stars with inscriptions
such as "Swing," "Zazou," "Victory," "Goy," "Catholique," "Auvergnat," "Jenny,"
or "Dany." Nine men and 11 women over the age of 18 are interned, the men in
Drancy, the women in the camp of Tourelles. These "Friends of the Jews" –
the label they wear on stars sewn on their chests – are freed after three
months detention.
June 10, 1942. The prefect of the Seine
Department restricts Jews to the last car of all Paris Metro trains. No public
announcement is to be made or posted; subway personnel will enforce the
regulation.
June 11, 1942. Officials of the Gestapo's Jewish
affairs departments in the countries occupied by Germany or under its
domination meet in Berlin under the direction of Eichmann to discuss Himmler's
order for deportations of Jews to Auschwitz from the occupied countries and
Romania. Himmler's orders apply to Jews of both sexes aged 16 to 40 and able to
work. Jews in mixed marriages with Aryans are exempt from deportation, but up
to 10 percent of the Jews who are unable to work may be deported. For the two
zones of France, 100,000 deportees are envisaged, though there are barely
100,000 Jews aged 16 to 40 among the 300,000 who have registered. Ten thousand
deportees are to be sent from Belgium and 15,000 from Holland.
Transports to Auschwitz, each train carrying approximately 1,000
deportees, are planned to begin from France on a regular basis on July 13 at a
rate of three per week.
June 15, 1942. On his return to Paris
from the Berlin meeting, Dannecker meets with Louis Darquier de Pellepoix,
Vichy's new Commissioner for Jewish Questions, who doubts that tens of
thousands of Jews will be delivered from the Unoccupied Zone. At Knochen's
request, Dannecker draws up a three month plan for the arrest and deportation
of 39,000 Jews (15,000 from the Paris area, 15,000 from the Occupied Zone
outside Paris, and the rest from the Unoccupied Zone). These figures are the
basis for what will be known as a three-month plan for deportation of 40,000
Jews.
June 16, 1942. A report on public attitudes toward the
yellow star, prepared by Röthke, Dannecker's new assistant, and sent to
Berlin by Knochen, states: "Large sectors of the population display little or
no understanding of the distinctive [Jewish] insignia. 'Poor Jews,' is heard
constantly, especially about Jewish children. They persist in seeing the Jewish
question as a religious question rather than a crucial problem. . . Some French
teachers have told their non-Jewish students to have sympathy for their Jewish
classmates."
June 30, 1942. Eichmann, who commands Gestapo
anti-Jewish activities in all countries conquered by Germany, arrives in Paris
for a two-day visit and meetings with Dannecker on the approaching mass roundup
of Jews. The report on their talks is prepared by Eichmann and signed by both
men July 1.
The document envisages a Final Solution in France by the
deportation as rapidly as possible of all Jews in the country, beginning with
those in the Occupied Zone in convoys on an almost daily basis. The results
sought
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FRENCH
CHILDREN OF THE HOLOCAUST A memorial
Serge Klarsfeld
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