and national groups, against the civilian populations
of certain occupied territories in order to destroy particular races
and classes of people and national, racial, or religious groups,
particularly Jews, Poles, and Gypsies and others.
Civilians were systematically subjected to tortures of all kinds,
with the object of obtaining information.
Civilians of occupied countries were subjected systematically to
"protective arrests" whereby they were arrested and
imprisoned without any trial and any of the ordinary protections of
the law, and they were imprisoned under the most unhealthy and
inhumane conditions.
In the concentration camps were many prisoners who were
classified "Nacht und Nebel". These were entirely cut off
from the world and were allowed neither to receive nor to send
letters. They disappeared without trace and no announcement of their
fate was ever made by the German authorities.
Such murders and ill-treatment were contrary to international
conventions, in particular to Article 46 of the Hague Regulations,
1907, the laws and customs of war, the general principles of criminal
law as derived from the criminal laws of all civilized nations, the
internal penal laws of the countries in which such crimes were
committed, and to Article 6 (b) of the Charter.
The following particulars and all the particulars appearing later
in this count are set out herein by way of example only, are not
exclusive of other particular cases, and are stated without prejudice
to the right of the Prosecution to adduce evidence of other cases of
murder and ill-treatment of civilians.
1. In France, Belgium, Denmark,
Holland, Norway, Luxembourg, Italy, and the Channel Islands
(hereinafter called the "Western Countries") and in that
part of Germany which lies west of a line drawn due north and south
through the center of Berlin (hereinafter called "Western
Germany").
Such murder and ill-treatment took place in
concentration camps and similar establishments set up by the
defendants, and particularly in the concentration camps set up at
Belsen, Buchenwald, Dachau, Breendonck, Grini, Natzweiler,
Ravensbruck, Vught, and Amersfoort, and in numerous cities, towns,
and villages, including Oradour-sur-Glane, Trondheim, and Oslo.
Crimes committed in France or against French citizens took the
following forms:
Arbitrary arrests were carried out
under political or racial pretexts: they were both individual and
collective; notably in Paris (round-up of the 18th Arrondissement by
the Field Gendarmerie, round-up of the Jewish population of the 11th
Arrondisssement in August 1941, round-up of Jewish intellectuals in