broke up, desecrated, and senselessly destroyed also
the most valuable monuments of the Christian Church, such as
Kievo-Pecherskaya Lavra, Novy Jerusalem in the Istrin region, and the
most ancient monasteries and churches.
Destruction in Estonia of cultural, industrial, and other
premises burning down of many thousands of residential buildings,
removal of 10,000 works of art; destruction of medical and
prophylactic institutions; plunder and removal to Germany of immense
quantities of agricultural stock including horses, cows, pigs,
poultry, beehives. and agricultural machines of all kinds.
Destruction of agriculture, enslavement of peasants, and looting
of stock and produce in Lithuania.
In the Latvian Republic destruction of the agriculture by the
looting of all stock, machinery, and produce.
The result of this policy of plunder and destruction was to lay
waste the land and cause utter desolation.
The overall value of the material loss which the U.S.S.R. has
borne, is computed to be 679,000,000,000 rubles, in state prices of
1941.
Following the occupation of Czechoslovakia on 15 March 1939 the
defendants seized and stole large stocks of raw materials, copper,
tin, iron, cotton, and food; caused to be taken to Germany large
amounts of railway rolling stock, and many engines, carriages, steam
vessels, and trolley buses; plundered libraries, laboratories and art
museums of books, pictures, objects of art, scientific apparatus, and
furniture; stole all gold reserves and foreign exchange of
Czechoslovakia, including 23,000 kilograms of gold of a nominal value
of £ 5,265,000; fraudulently acquired control and therafter
looted the Czech banks and many Czech industrial enterprises; and
otherwise stole, looted, and misappropriated Czechoslovak public and
private property. The total sum of defendants' economic spoliation of
Czechoslovakia from 1938 to 1945 is estimated at 200,000,000,000
Czechoslovak crowns.
(F) THE EXACTION OF COLLECTIVE
PENALTIES
The Germans pursued a systematic policy of
inflicting, in all the occupied countries, collective penalties,
pecuniary and otherwise, upon the population for acts of individuals
for which it could not be regarded as collectively responsible; this
was done at many places, including Oslo, Stavanger, Trondheim, and
Rogaland.
Similar instances occurred in France, among others in Dijon,
Nantes, and as regards the Jewish population in the occupied ter-