7 Jan. 46
Your Lordship, the next document will be C-148, Exhibit
USA-555. Less than 3 months after the invasion of the Soviet Union, the
instructions which I have just read were amplified and made even more
drastic. Document C-148 is an order dated 16 September 1941, signed by
Keitel, widely distributed, as is shown on the second sheet where the
distribution is listed. This order is of general application in all
theaters of war, but from its contents it is clearly of primary
importance for the Eastern Front. I read, beginning at the start of the
order:
"Subject: Communist insurrection in
occupied territories.
"I. Since the beginning of the campaign against Soviet Russia,
Communist insurrection movements have broken out everywhere in the
area occupied by Germany. The type of action taken is growing from
propaganda measures and attacks on individual members of the Armed
Forces into open rebellion and widespread guerilla warfare.
"It can be seen that this is a mass movement centrally directed
by Moscow, which is also responsible for the apparently trivial
isolated incidents in areas which up to now have been otherwise quiet.
"In view of the many political and economic crises in the
occupied areas, it must, moreover, be anticipated that nationalist and
other circles will make full use of this opportunity of making
difficulties for the German occupying forces by associating themselves
with the Communist insurrection.
"This creates an increasing danger to the German war effort,
which shows itself chiefly in general insecurity for the occupying
troops, and has already led to the withdrawal of forces to the main
centers of disturbance.
"2. The measures taken up to now to deal with this general
Communist insurrection movement have proved inadequate. The Führer
has now given orders that we take action everywhere with the most
drastic means, in order to crush the movement in the shortest possible
time. Only this course, which has always been followed successfully
throughout the history of the extension of influence of great peoples,
can restore order.
"3. Action taken in this matter should be in accordance with the
following general directions:
"a. It should be inferred in every case of resistance to the
German occupying forces, no matter what the individual circumstances,
that it is of Communist origin.
"b. In order to nip these machinations in the bud the most
drastic measures should be taken immediately and on the