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Voices from the Pulpit of Hate

Louis Farrakhan, the Nation of Islam and Holocaust Denial

by R. H.

A student essay from Dr. Elliot Neaman's History 210 class (historical methods - fall 1998)

© Elliot Neaman / PHDN
Reproduction interdite par quelque moyen que ce soit / no reproduction allowed

You see everybody always talk about Hitler exterminating six million Jews. That's right. But don't nobody ever ask what did they do to Hitler...

--Minister Khalid Abdul Muhammed
Nation of Islam; March 24, 1996

We have lost over 600 million at the hands of the white man in the last 6,000 years. That is 100 times worse than the so-called Holocaust of the so-called Jew, the imposter Jew...Look at it, imposter Jew. Somebody must call you what you are.

--Minister Khalid Abdul Muhammad
Nation of Islam; October 15, 1995

For over half a century, social commentators, historians and political philosophers have taken every opportunity to examine in detail the most significant and substantial event of the twentieth century, if not human history. World War II was momentous not only because of its global scale, but also because individuals, countries and whole societies to this very day continue to feel the deepening effects that the war brought upon humanity more than 50 years ago. Society has attempted to take the appropriate measures to ensure a sequel will never again transpire. We are constantly striving to learn from its experiences, as well as find the truth behind the war, from its causality to where true blame lies.

World War II produced an abundance of arenas ripe for investigation and inquiry: military battles and strategies, the advent of new weapons of mass destruction, the consequences of political ideologies, tragic individuals, grand displays of courage and heroism and the Holocaust. Although extensive research has been dedicated to each of these diverse spheres, it is the last topic that continues to conjure the greatest discussion and receive the highest attention in our modern era. Indeed, the legacy of the Holocaust and its abounding intricacies have been analyzed and evaluated at great length, and for good reason. The actions of the Nazis, the levels of anti-Semitism present in Germany during Hitler's rise to power, the willing participation of Germans in various acts of genocide -- these all represent the destructive nature inherent within human beings. When certain conditions for total annihilation and devastation are present in society, events like the Holocaust are not beyond possibility.

The global community has long recognized the facts that mark the Holocaust as one of the more barbarous and savage occurrences of our modern era. We have conceded to the main historical facts that have come to define the legacy of the Holocaust:

1. There was intentionality of genocide based primarily on race.

2. A highly technical, well-organized extermination program using gas chambers and crematoria was implemented.

3. An estimated five to six million Jews were killed.

The path to the Final Solution involved various hurdles which the Nazis were forced to overcome in order to achieve their goal of eliminating European Jewry. They included the war campaign, the inherent inefficiency involved in both gathering and transporting Jews from various areas to their final destination and their elimination by random killings, mass shootings, death marches and overwork. Whether the extermination process was ordered by top Nazi officials or simply approved by their followers, the outcome regardless brought death to millions of European Jews.

Aerial photographs, German and Allied film footage and physical and documentary evidence show that gas chambers and crematoria were used as equipment for extermination. However, these were not the sole methods used by the Nazis to enact the Final Solution. Though historians disagree on the exact number of European Jews killed in the Holocaust, five to six million is a proven estimate. "The figures are derived by collating the number of Jews reported living in Europe, transported to camps, liberated from camps, killed in Einsatzgruppen actions, and alive after the war." Historians have arrived to their conclusions on the Holocaust through their examination of thousands of letters, speeches, various blueprints, confessions and eyewitness testimony from both survivors and guards, whether they were SS, Nazi or ordinary concentration camp security. Photographs and physical camp evidence only offer more proof to support their findings. These diverse forms of data all point toward one definitive verdict: despite the sometimes unbelievable horror stories surrounding the Holocaust, it did occur, millions suffered from the wrath of an oppressive ideology and human history has never been the same since.

Revision is the modification of a theory based on new evidence or a new interpretation of old evidence. Revision should not be based on political ideology, religious conviction, or other human emotions. Historians are humans with emotions, of course, but they are the true revisionists because eventually the collective science of history separates the emotional chaff from the factual wheat.

As previously stated, the relevance of studying history is to gain counsel and valuable guidance so that societies can harness the experiences of the past to make the future more hospitable for all of mankind. It provides individuals with concrete certainty and truth. Rarely does a debate arise from historical fact, for we assume that past instances have been thoroughly evaluated by qualified individuals who support their conclusions with evidence, whether it be eyewitness accounts, oral testimony or written documentation. It is possible, however, for historians to make mistakes and commit errors. They are human beings engaged in a very complicated and complex field of study. Time naturally brings forth, through new investigation, information that was once unavailable when historians consciously decided to tackle specific historical events. Society has definitely benefited from the academic work performed by revisionists in this century, the legacy of blame concerning World War I being a prime example.

The aforementioned definitions of the Holocaust have been formulated by proven experts recognized by their peers, and subsequently the greater historical society. Yet, unlike D-Day or the Battle of Midway, events during World War II that have received mostly the scholarly attention of established historians, the Holocaust has attracted a different phenomenon, a rather unique blend of self-proclaimed historical "revisionists" determined to disprove the definitions. These individuals are not qualified to give expert findings on the specific areas of the Holocaust they nonetheless attempt to tackle. Though they mask their true intentions, their motivations for revising history are not of an academic nature.

Armed with distorted research replete with conflicting arguments, twisted quotes and manipulated figures sneakily taken out of context, these deniers have succeeded, through magazine publications and an extensive use of the Internet, to spread their message of revisionism to audiences throughout the world. Despite the existence of thousands of death camp survivors and reams of documentary evidence, these individuals have succeeded in injecting an element of doubt into historical fact. Herein lies the great tragedy. Active debate involves the disputing of or disagreement on a public question with opposing viewpoints. Thus what has risen has been an open debate on the existence of the Holocaust, a piece of history still close to the hearts of many, and yet easily vulnerable to the deceptive tactics of its deniers.

Moreover, the denial of the Holocaust has not manifested itself solely through organized historical chapters, research centers and official "revisionist" journals wishing to change recent history. Holocaust denial has also become a central theme to the agenda of a number of social extremists and their followers throughout the world.

These political and religious leaders are characterized by their bold and brash use of racist ideologies, anti-immigrant policies, deep religious convictions, politically fascist inclinations, anti-Semitic tendencies or Holocaust denial. Though these select individuals originate from vastly different backgrounds and operate in different realms of power and influence, they are nevertheless linked by one important factor: their denial of the Holocaust and its various facets.

These individuals have utilized the same methods used by established deniers in their attempt to defy verified stances on the Holocaust. Through writing books, speeches, articles and letters to their fellow disciples and constituents, they have publicized their arguments to an international audience. Unlike Holocaust deniers, who wish to receive attention and publicity by operating in scholarly settings in hope of adding validity to their findings, these extremists do not shy away from public scrutiny and opposition. Rather, as leaders and presidents of countries armed with both support from various interest groups and a deep faith in their convictions, they have succeeded in spreading their ideas on the Holocaust to a vast constituency of dedicated listeners. With their concentration of power, they have raised the debate of the Holocaust to new heights. One of these leaders, in particular, serves as a prime example of this phenomenon.

Louis Farrakhan and the Nation of Islam

In 1955, former calypso singer Louis Eugene Wolcott was convinced by then minister Malcolm X to join the Nation of Islam, an American black religious organization that combines some beliefs of Islam with a black separatist philosophy established by founder Elijah Muhammad. When Wolcott joined the organization, he converted to Islam, adopted the name Adbul Haleem Farrakhan, and eventually came to be known as Louis Farrakhan. As Farrakhan rose to prominence within the Nation of Islam, he witnessed the falling out between Malcolm X and Muhammad, an event in which Farrakhan found himself siding with Muhammad. After Muhammad died in 1975, Farrakhan grew dissatisfied with Muhammad's son and successor Wallace, who downplayed Black Nationalism and renamed the organization. In 1978, Farrakhan left the Nation of Islam to form his own organization under the original name, reasserting principles of black separatism.

The 1980s saw Farrakhan rise to prominence within the black community; his emphasis on black self-reliance, mistrust of whites and the United States government and anti-Semitic views appealing to young urban blacks. In 1995, he organized the Million Man March in Washington, D.C., an event attended by hundreds of thousands of black men vowing to renew their commitments to family, community and personal responsibility. Though the march was not endorsed by other prominent black leaders, it nonetheless brought Farrakhan international exposure, and in the eyes of many, moved him closer to the political mainstream. He was instrumental in the formation of a 40-nation "world friendship tour" that included stops in such countries as Libya, Iran and Iraq in 1998. Farrakhan also helped form "Power," a company to sell diverse consumer goods aimed especially at the black American community, and stage various boycotts of both white- and Jewish-owned establishments, all for the sake of black solidarity.

Throughout his tenure as the leader of the Nation of Islam, Louis Farrakhan has not shied away from controversy. Aside from forming relationships with anti-American General Moammar Gadhafi of Libya to various members of the Ku Klux Klan and other White Aryan sects, Farrakhan has taken every opportunity to chastise a plethora of diverse groups. Whites, Jews, homosexuals, black politicians, the Pope (a representative of the Anti-Christ), the United States (the Great Satan) and even the racial tensions in South Africa (kill everyone white in sight) have not escaped the scrutiny of this religious leader. Farrakhan has selected whites and Jews however, as the two groups he has primarily chosen to confront and fight. These two groups, Farrakhan states, have oppressed blacks since the dawn of history. His distaste for Jews has been characterized by standard anti-Semitic, anti-Zionist dialogue and a trivialization of the Holocaust:

The Jews don't like Farrakhan, so they call me Hitler. Well, that's a good name. Hitler was a very good man.

--from a radio broadcast, March 11, 1984

We know that the Jews are the most organized, rich and powerful people, not only in America, but in the world. They're plotting against us as we speak.

--from a speech, January 24, 1994

And you do with me as is written, but remember that I have warned you that Allah will punish you. You are wicked deceivers of the American people. You have sucked their blood. You are not real Jews, those of you that are not real Jews. You are the synagogue of Satan, and you have wrapped your tentacles around the U.S. government, and you are deceiving and sending this nation to hell.

--Savior Day's Speech, February 25, 1996

They (Jews) cannot stop me in what I'm doing and the power of God is with me and it's time for them to recognize that everything they've done has been able to thwart our progress towards the resurrection of our people.

--New Bethel Church, April 16, 1996

The Jews have been so bad at politics they lost half their population in the Holocaust. They thought they could trust in Hitler, and they helped him get the Third Reich on the road.

--Savior Day's Speech, February 22, 1998

German Jews financed Hitler right here in America... International bankers financed Hitler and poor Jews died while big Jews were at the root of what you call the Holocaust... Little Jews died while big Jews made money. Little Jews [were] being turned into soap while big Jews washed themselves with it. Jews [were] playing violin, Jews [were] playing music, while other Jews [were] marching into the gas chambers.

--Mosque Maryam, Chicago, March 19, 1995

Louis Farrakhan and other ministers of the Nation of Islam, most notably Khalid Abdul Muhammad, have used their positions of power to voice their personal opinions on the topics of Zionism and the Holocaust. They have firmly established their views on the Holocaust, beliefs replete with the idea of the Jews as the true instigators of their own destruction. In the eyes of Muhammad, the Jews "went in there in Germany and they supplanted, they usurped... they had undermined the very fabric of the society." Farrakhan points to an international Zionist conspiracy which, aside from Jews simultaneously controlling United States foreign policy during World War II, financed Hitler's rise to power in Germany in the 1930s, and in the process, were responsible for the killing of six million Jews. Though he states six million as the estimated number of Jews killed during the Holocaust, he frequently regards this statistic as miniscule in importance when compared to the suffering Black Americans and Africans have had to endure throughout the last 6,000 years. The partial denial of the Holocaust's existence has been left to Farrakhan's lieutenant Abdul Muhammad, who frequently refers to the Holocaust as the "so-called Holocaust of the so-called Jew." Since he frequently calls Jews the "bloodsuckers of the black nation," he has on numerous occasions vied to show Hitler as a man who found himself trapped in the same quandary as today's oppressed black American: repressed by Jewish cunning, Adolf Hitler was forced to use action and violence to stop the Jewish "wickedness" that was threatening to end his very existence.

Falling Prey to the Forces of Classic Anti-Semitism

Louis Farrakhan and the Nation of Islam definitely hold strong opinions on the nature of the Holocaust, Hitler and Zionism. They have constantly referred to the suffocating severity of Jewish influence in both world politics and in American cities (New York being that "Jew-controlled city"). Farrakhan, during the 1984 presidential campaign, called Judaism a "gutter religion," viewed the creation of Israel as an outlaw act and called the nations that supported Israel and its founding "criminals in the sight of God." When the AIDS epidemic began to take its toll on the black community in the 1980s, Farrakhan propagated a genocide theory to explain where it came from, saying that whites had unleashed it purposely against blacks, and that Jewish doctors were shooting up blacks with it.

The opinions of Minister Louis Farrakhan and the Nation of Islam in regards to the Holocaust are indeed bold and forward. However, what is rather obvious about their statements is that they are fraught with standard anti-Semitic overtones. These beliefs, which have existed since the time of Jesus Christ, would undoubtedly lead these religious ministers and their organization toward a natural path of Holocaust denial.

Anti-Semitism, long before the Holocaust came to fruition in Europe during the 1930s and 40s, had its roots in early Christendom, when Jews were seen as having violated the moral order of the world:

By rejecting Jesus, by allegedly having killed him, the Jews stood in defiant opposition to the otherwise universally accepted conception of God and Man, denigrating and defiling, by their very existence, all that is sacred. As such, Jews came to represent symbolically and discursively much of the evil in the world; they not only represented it but also came to be seen by Christians as being synonymous with it, indeed as being self-willed agents of evil.

Now that the Jews were seen as Christ killers, they could no longer be saved. They were visibly different (through male circumcision), they stood by their conviction as the Chosen People of God, enforcing their stance as an elitist group with an elitist religion, and as rejecters of Christ, they were quickly perceived as disciples of the Devil.

With the occurrence of the Diaspora and the development of Western Civilization, Christianity and religion became the binding force that tied the corners of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East. Throughout the centuries, Jews seemingly attained capabilities and powers that would be impossible for one group to realistically achieve. These included supernatural powers, the capability of planning international conspiracies and the ability to wreck economies. They were thought to use the blood of Christian children in their rituals, even murdering them for their blood. They poisoned drinking wells. These examples indicate that anti-Semitism draws fundamentally on cultural sources that are independent of the Jew's nature and actions, and the Jews themselves became defined by the culturally-derived notions which anti-Semites projected upon them.

Relegated to living in ghettos, prohibited from owning property and restricted to certain activities (like banking and the loaning of money, which went against the Christian law discrediting usury), they became isolated both physically and socially from Christians and the greater society. This segregation left Jews open to scrutiny, as well as easy scapegoats when disasters occurred. "They were guilty of every conceivable crime that could be conjured up by the popular imagination." Constantly referred to throughout history as vermin and parasitic leeches, Jews were blamed for every possible occurrence, from earthquakes to famines to the spread of the Black Plague.

Since they were kept from engaging in various forms of physical labor and from becoming members of various labor guilds, Jews were allowed few opportunities to obtain the proper means for subsistence. Incapable of engaging in specific trades or craft guilds, Jews quickly became looked upon as those horrible "bloodsuckers," an utterance that Farrakhan and the Nation of Islam easily identified with, finding evidence so visibly within the destructive rape of their black communities. Engaged in money lending and banking, Jews were seen as parasites who attached themselves to the backs of hardworking Germans, Frenchmen and Englishmen, took their hard earned money, loaned money at high interest rates, swindled their fellow countrymen and gave nothing back to their respective communities in return.

Clearly, these anti-Semitic ideas effectively pushed many individuals to engage in various pogroms and executions of Jews throughout the centuries, and became the driving force behind Hitler's Final Solution policy of Jewish extermination. These ideas have succeeded in surviving well into the 1990s and soon the 21st century, and having so easily been embraced by Louis Farrakhan and the Nation of Islam, makes the aforementioned occurrence of Holocaust denial stem not from archival work performed by select ministers of the Nation of Islam. Rather, Farrakhan's and Muhammad's ideas of the Holocaust derive from the fact that they have consciously succumbed to the forces of anti-Semitism.

As religious men, they have used their positions to act, in their view, as Allah's Right Arm, the mighty force that will, with the power of Allah, save the earth from the destructive forces of the mythical Jew. Farrakhan has grown fond of using the typical anti-Semitic view that has endowed Jews with the power to enact international control over the whole world, whether it is through foreign diplomacy or the economy. He has only tweaked this notion to include the Jewish conspiracy to spread the AIDS virus to kill all Africans.

Using typical terms as "bloodsuckers" and "parasites" only reveals that the Nation of Islam has not allotted time, nor found evidence, to prove that Jews are the root of all evil present in the world. The organization merely regurgitates anti-Semitic statements that originated during medieval Europe, and from publications such as Henry Ford's The International Jew. It was this book which the Nation of Islam used as the basis for its own book, The Secret Relationship Between Blacks and Jews. This publication, in which Farrakhan states that Jews owned 75 percent of enslaved blacks in America, has been revealed to be a false history of Black-Jewish relations during slavery times, and designed solely to cloud the authentic legacy of Black-Jewish cooperation in the civil rights movement.

The Nation of Islam engages in Holocaust denial as a way to lash out in its distaste for another aspect of anti-Semitism: the supposed international conspiracy of Zionism and the Jewish plot, through the use of the Holocaust, to take over the world.

The Zionist Plot Behind the Holocaust

Louis Farrakhan and the Nation of Islam have frequently stated that the Jews supported Hitler and financed his operations in order to finance the State of Israel, and achieve their Zionist dreams of forming a Jewish state. German Jews voted Hitler into office, while German Jews in New York conspired with Hitler to enact the Final Solution. This could be characterized as Jew killing Jew merely for profit. This notion fits perfectly into Farrakhan's view of Jews as money-grubbing rapists content on killing even their own for some form of revenue.

The basic facts about the Holocaust were established before there was a State of Israel and before the United States or any other country gave it one cent. Moreover, when reparations were established, the amount Israel received from Germany was not based on numbers killed but on Israel's cost of absorbing and resettling the Jews who fled Germany and German-controlled countries before the war and the survivors of the Holocaust who came to Israel after the war.

The Four Powers in March 1951 witnessed Israel's request for reparations to be calculated in this manner:

The government of Israel is not in a position to obtain and present a complete statement of all Jewish property taken or looted by the Germans, and said to total more than $6 thousand million. It can only compute its claim on the basis of total expenditures already made and the expenditure still needed for the integration of Jewish immigrants from Nazi-dominated countries. The number of these immigrants is estimated at some 500,000 which means a total expenditure of $1.5 thousand million.

If reparations were based on the total number of survivors, then naturally, the Zionist conspirators would have inflated not the number Jews killed by the Nazis, but the number of survivors. If Farrakhan were so bold as to say that only a hundred thousand Jews died during the Holocaust, Germany would need to give Israel far more in reparations than the amount already given. This obvious lack of tactical manipulation and economic deception on the part of Israel does not fit the mold Farrakhan has formed of the typical Jew. He may argue that The Zionist conspirators were willing to trade reparation money from Germany for more money and international sympathy from all over the world, yet with no assurance of future reparations. In reality, the State of Israel as the recipient of German money is a myth. Most of it went to individual survivors, not to the Israeli government.

Hitler's Intentions Concerning the Final Solution

Ministers Farrakhan and Muhammad have made, throughout their tenures as members of the Nation of Islam, a concerted effort to portray Adolf Hitler in a rather interesting light. They have sought to establish Hitler not as a leader set on exterminating a specific group of individuals from the face of the earth, but rather as a leader who quickly responded to the tension surrounding him and his political party. Hitler consciously decided to act upon eliminating this uncomfortable tension which was seeking to destroy him. This tension was the existence of Jews in Germany and Europe, and by their remarks, Farrakhan and Muhammad have no qualms toward the actions that Hitler saw fit.

It is obvious from the many speeches of Hitler and other high-ranking Nazis that Hitler knew of the extermination plans he ordered. In fact, he explicitly revealed on numerous occasions his intention to destroy the Jews. On January 30, 1939, he made this bold statement:

Today I want to be a prophet once more: If international finance Jewry inside and outside of Europe should succeed once more in plunging nations into another world war, the consequence will not be the Bolshevism of the earth and thereby the victory of Jewry, but the annihilation of the Jewish race in Europe.

Hitler reiterated his plan to eliminate European Jewry in September of 1942 with a

similar speech calling for the annihilation of Jews:

In my Reichstag speech of September 1, 1939, I have spoken of two things: first, that the war has been forced upon us, no array of weapons and no passage of time will bring us to defeat, and second, that if Jewry should plot another world war in order to exterminate the Aryan peoples in Europe, it would not be the Aryan peoples which would be exterminated but Jewry...

Countless quotes from Hitler could prove to Farrakhan that Hitler was "not a nice man." A man so concerned with eliminating Jews would not have accepted money from other Jews to finance his plans for the Final Solution. Through his implementation of the Final Solution, he intentionally ordered the annihilation of Jews in Europe. With his own words as testimony to the fact, it is easily proven, contrary to Farrakhan's statements, that Hitler was not threatened by a Jewish conspiracy. Rather, Hitler fell victim to the established anti-Semitic dogma of his era, and thus, orchestrated the killing of millions of innocent individuals, as well as his own disastrous demise.

The Continuing Legacy of Farrakhan and the Holocaust

As the beginning of the Third Millenium inches closer every day, the global community must begin to ask itself questions on the past, the present, and the future. What will be the ongoing legacy of the 20th century? Which individuals and what occurrences will be remembered and come to symbolize the last 100 years of human history? Unfortunately, the 20th century has been one of the most bloody and inhumane periods ever witnessed since the dawn of man. Two World Wars, numerous acts of genocide, international confrontations, the advent of deadly weapons and repressive ideologies and continuous tension between people of different religions and tribal and ethnic background have all found a home in this century. It is easy to see that there are not many positive attributes that can be attached to the world we live in today.

The global community has constantly attempted to tell its citizens that we are moving toward a new age, a new era filled with morality, advanced technology and international cooperation between nations in the hope that longstanding political and economic barriers will be torn down. We have striven to paint our present society as one inhabited by civilized beings who, by learning from the past, no longer engage in such cruel acts of mass genocide and wholesale destruction. Yet, a quick glance at any daily periodical will reveal mass killings in Africa, political upheaval in Southeast Asia and South America, anti-immigrant killings in Europe and world poverty not only in Calcutta, Bombay or Sao Paulo, but also Paris, New York and London.

The recent past has not been particularly rosy. However, what the world does to confront the atrocities of history will demonstrate the true endurance of mankind. As imperfect beings, man will constantly fail. Yet, what he does to rebound from his faults will truly show how committed man is toward ensuring peace and prosperity for all.

The denial of the Holocaust does not fit the description of man consciously attempting to mold a civilization in which he can truly flourish and develop without the burden of societal chains. It instead reveals that man, even awash with the powerful tools of history and fact, will go to great lengths to ruin other human beings simply for individual gain, whether it be for publicity or profit. Deniers of the Holocaust and men such as Louis Farrakhan and the ministers of the Nation of Islam attempt to mask their bigotry and hate with the denial of a historical fact. It is a truly deceptive scheme. However, when individuals take the time to pick their words apart, what remains are truly disreputable feelings of anti-Semitism, Fascism and intense racism.

The deniers of the Holocaust are indeed dangerous individuals. However, men such as Louis Farrakhan, men who are unbelievably held as pillars of their respected communities and hide their racist ideologies with the veil of religion and political activity, are even more deadly. They have the opportunity to slip words of Holocaust denial into their speeches and writings without being quickly labeled as "crazed maniacs" as other deniers often would. They are visible individuals who easily gather support for their respected causes. According to a 1994 poll, 60 to 70 percent of blacks viewed Minister Farrakhan as an "effective leader" who "speaks the truth" and is "good for the black community." A large group of individuals actually believe the words that emanate from Farrakhan's mouth. He will constantly have an audience to listen to his anti-Semitic bigotry and Holocaust denial. In an era where information is rapidly encircling us, individuals seem more out of touch with reality than ever before. Hence, people ignorant of the truth will easily fall prey to the deceptive rhetoric of Farrakhan, and hold his words as the truth. He is more powerful than any denier from the Institute for Historical Review simply because of the fact that when he talks, a religion, a community and the international press listen.

When prominent individuals are interviewed, they are regularly asked one simple, yet complex question: what is your motivation? What drives people to engage in certain activities? With regard to Louis Farrakhan and the ministers of the Nation of Islam, they are motivated to engage in Holocaust denial simply because they are anti-Semites, racist bigots who are ignorant of history and reality. They are truly sad individuals, for they represent everything that is wrong with morally and spiritually corrupt leaders. They rape the communities and the religion they attempt to lead, and when progress is not made, they direct their blame toward Zionism and "Jewish conspiracies." Their actions are counterproductive, for they represent Muslims and members of the Nation of Islam who actually attempt to fix problems within their community in a rational manner, without the use of anti-Semitism and bigotry.

Louis Farrakhan, his ideas of racism, bigotry and Holocaust denial aside, is truly saddening, for he has the power to change lives and to mend differences between various political and religious groups. He is easily recognizable to a vast audience, and sadly, he will continue calling not for peace and international brotherhood, but rather violence and the destruction of world Jewry. He will not embrace the truth and strive to empower his followers with it, but rather condemns criticism and those that do not think as he does. Like stubborn leaders from the past who did nothing for their respected followers, if he does not revise his agenda, Louis Farrakhan will undoubtedly suffer the same discouraging, bleak end.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Anti-Defamation League. (1998). Louis Farrakhan and the Nation of Islam: Words One Year After the Million Man March. Online: http://www.adl.org/presrele/.

Anti-Defamation League. (1998). Minister Louis Farrakhan On the Holocaust. Online: http://www.adl.org/special_reports/farrakhan.

Charisma Magazine. (1996). Louis Farrakhan: What Does He Stand For? Online: http://www.charisma.mag.com/stories/.

Cooper, A. & Brackman, H. (August 31, 1998). A Tale of Two Marches. The Jerusalem Post. p. 1. Online: http://www.wiesenthal.com.

Cooper, A. & Brackman, H. (October 23, 1995). After the March: Farrakhan's Truths Distort History, Frustrate Dialogue. Miami Herald. p. 1. Online: http://www.wiesenthal.com.

Goldhagen, D. J. (1996). Hitler's Willing Executioners. New York: Vintage Books.

Lipstadt, D. (1994). Denying the Holocaust. New York: Penguin group.

Nizkor Project. (1996). The Nation of Islam: The Relentless Record of Hate. Online: http://www.nizkor.org.

Screed. (1994). Louis Farrakhan: The Man, The Myth... p. 5. Online: http//www.members.tripod.com/.

Shermer, M. (1997). Why People Believe Weird Things. New York: W.H. Freedman and Company.


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