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HISTORY AND CHRONOLOGY
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July 16, 1941. Jewish lawyers are limited to 2
percent of those admitted to practice by the French bar. On August 11, the same
2 percent limitation is applied to Jewish physicians.
August 13,
1941. A German regulation orders the confiscation of all radio sets
possessed or owned by Jews. The radios are to be turned in at police stations.
August 20, 1941. The second mass round-up of Jews in Paris
begins, on orders issued by German military authorities at the request of the
Gestapo's Jewish Affairs Department. Arrests are made by Paris police over a
five-day period at police stations designated by the Germans with the Paris
prefect's approval but without Vichy government authorization. The 4,232 Jews
arrested, all men aged 18 to 50, are of various nationalities, and more than
1,000 are French. Forty of the French prisoners are prominent Paris lawyers who
are arrested on specific orders of the Germans.
The August arrests lead
to establishment of the principal French internment camp for Jews at Drancy, a
Paris suburb, in a huge housing project whose reinforced concrete buildings
were not complete when the war began and construction was halted. The Drancy
camp is guarded by French gendarmes and directed and administered by French
authorities. Drancy has been used as a camp since 1939, first by the French to
intern Communists and then by the Germans for French prisoners of war and for
British and other civilian internees. It is surrounded by a double barbed-wire
enclosure with watchtowers. Food and medical supplies, provided by the Paris
Prefecture of Police, are now at levels that result in malnutrition and, at
times, starvation. Beginning in March 1942, Drancy will become the principal
camp for the concentration and assembly of Jews for deportation to
extermination centers in the East.
August 1941. In the camps of
the Loiret region, for some weeks families are given the possibility of Sunday
visits with internees. During this period, a German photographer takes some
very moving photos of the visiting families. The original photographs are
preserved in German government archives in Coblenz.
November 30,
1941. The Prefecture of Police, in a statistical report on Jews under
police supervision, reports that 92,864 over the age of 15 are living in the
Seine Department (Paris), 46,542 of them French and 46,322 of foreign
nationalities, 42,499 of them men and 50,365 women. Added to this number are
15,322 French children ranging from 6 to 15 years of age and 2,106 foreign
children from 6 to 15, for a total of 17,428 children. There are in sum 110,292
French and foreign Jews over 6 years of age living in Paris, excluding the
7,000 Jews interned on this date at Drancy, Beaune-la-Rolande, and Pithiviers.
The number of children under the age of 6 is not given, but is estimated at
15,000. The 125,000 total represents a decline of approximately 18,000 from the
number counted in the census of October 1940.
December 12, 1941.
The third Paris round-up of the year is carried out by German military police
and SS organized in 14 groups and assisted by Paris police. The 743 Jews
arrested are mostly middle-class French citizens professionals, businessmen,
and executives. All are transferred the same night to the camp at
Compiègne, where they are joined by 300 more Jews sent from Drancy by
Dannecker. Many of those arrested December 12 will be in the Compiègne
contingent deported on the
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FRENCH
CHILDREN OF THE HOLOCAUST A memorial
Serge Klarsfeld
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