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 Dr Robert Jay Lifton THE NAZI DOCTORS:
                        Medical Killing and the
                            Psychology of Genocide ©
 
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Notes to Pages 77-86 
 
(The numbers in brackets refer to the original, complete citation of a particular reference in each chapter. The dates in brackets denote original publication of a title.)    
 
75. Heyde Trial commentary, p. 451. 
76. Klee, “Euthanasie” [3], pp. 258-60.  
77. Hermann Pfannmüller, quoted in Schmidt, Selektion [37], p. 68.  
78. Ibid., p. 67. 
79. Klee, “Euthanasie” [3], pp. 261-63.  
80. On Lublin, see Hilberg, Destruction [74], pp. 136-38, 292.  
81. Klee, “Euthanasie” [3], pp. 260-61; Fleming, Final Solution [74], pp. 26-27. In personal correspondence (9 November 1985), Ernst Klee confirmed ("with great probability") the fictional nature of the Chelm/Cholm address. Henry Friedlander (letter of 16 December 1985) has also given me information on this question.  
82. Klee, “Euthanasie”[3], pp. 95-98, 112-14, 367-79; Hilberg, Destruction [74], pp. 177-256. 
83. Klee, “Euthanasie” [3], pp. 401-16.  
84. Ibid., pp. 367-79; Christopher R. Browning, Fateful Months: Essays on the Emergence of the Final Solution (New York: Holmes & Meier, 1985), chap. 1
 
  .
 Chapter 3. Resistance to Direct Medical Killing
 
1. Helmut Ehrhardt; Euthanasie und Vernichtung “lebensunwerten” Lebens, (Stuttgart: Ferdinand Enke Verlag, 1965), p. 37. Ehrhardt may have exaggerated the extent of this silent resistance, but it clearly existed.
2. Gerhard Schmidt, Selektion in der Heilanstalt 1939-1945 (Stuttgart: Evangelisches Verlagswerk, 1965), pp. 54-55.  
3. L. Schlaich to Hans Frank, 6 September 1940 (copy to Lammers), Nuremberg Medical Case, vol. I, pp. 854-55.  
4. Geoffrey Cocks, Psychotherapy in the Third Reich: The Göring Institute (New York: Oxford University Press, 1985), p. 172; Eberhard Bethge, Dietrich Bonhoeffer: Man of Vision, Man of Courage (New York: Harper & Row, 1970 [1967]), pp. 592-93. 
5. Bethge, Bonhoeffer [4], p. 212; see Cocks, Psychotherapy [4], pp. 105-6. 
6. Bethge, Bonhoeffer [4], p. 212. 
7. Ewald testimony, 3 June 1960, Heyde Trial, pp. 553-56. See Ernst Klee, “Euthanasieim NS-Staat: Die “Vernichtung lebensunwerten Lebens” (Frankfurt/M.: S. Fischer, 1983), pp. 224, 274-75.
8. Ewald testimony [7], pp. 554-56. 
9. See Cocks, Psychotherapy [4]. See also Rose Spiegel, “Survival, Psychoanalysis and the Third Reich,” Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis 13 (1985): 521-36; Arthur H. Finer, “Psychoanalysis During the Nazi Regime,” Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis 13 (1985):537-50; Rose Spiegel, G. Chrazanowsky, and Arthur H. Finer, “On Psychoanalysis and the Third Reich,” Contemporary Psychoanalysis 11 (1975):477-510. 
10. Ewald memorandum (copy, n.d.), Heyde Trial, pp. 554-61.  
11. Ibid., pp. 561-64.  
12. Ibid., pp. 564-65. For the resultant correspondence, see pp. 567-72. 
13. “Gutachten über … Dr. Ewald” (Hochschulgruppe Göttingen des NSD-Dozenten-bundes), 9 January 1939 (BDC: Ewald). 
14. Ibid. See also Kreisleiter Göttingen to Gauleitung South Hanover-Braunschweig, 8 March 1939 (BDC: Ewald). 
15. Kreisleiter to Gauleitung [14]. 
16. Kreisleiter Göttingen to Schatzrat Friese (Hanover), 21 March 1938 (BDC: Ewald).  
17. Ortsgruppenleiter Mengershausen to Kreisleiter Dr. Gengler (Göttingen), 23 September 1938; Kreisleiter Göttingen to Ewald, 6 October 1938; Ewald to Kreisleitung Göttingen, 8 October 1938 (BDC: Ewald). 
18. Ewald to Heyde and Conti, 21 August 1940; Heyde Trial, pp. 568-70.  
19. Roger Manvell and Heinrich Fraenkel, The Canaris Conspiracy: The Secret Resistance to  Hitler in the German Army (New York: David McKay, 1969), p. 33; Peter Hoffmann, The History of the German Resistance, 1933-45 (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1977), p. 91
 
THE NAZI DOCTORS:
Medical Killing and the
Psychology of Genocide

Robert J. Lifton
ISBN 0-465-09094
© 1986
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