Notes of annex X

*1      As simple breaches, burials in violation of these provisions carry only disciplinary penalties.

*2       Chapter II, Article 19 of the Annex to the Hague Convention of 1907 provides that «the same rules shall be observed regarding death certificates as well as for the burial of prisoners of war, due regard being paid to their grade and rank».

*3       See also Protocols I and II for clarification of these provisions. Protocol I applies to international armed conflicts and Protocol II applies to non-international armed conflicts.

*4       This duty is explained in Article 15, First Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Armed Forces in the Field (1949), and Article 18, Second Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of Wounded, Sick and Shipwrecked Members of Armed Forces at Sea (1949). Both articles provide substantially similar information.

*5       Article 16, Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Armed Forces in the Field (1949); Article 19, Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of Wounded, Sick and Shipwrecked Members of Armed Forces at Sea (1949); Article 120, Geneva Convention Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War (1949), Article 129, Geneva Convention Relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons In Time of War (1949).

*6       If cremation takes place, the circumstances of the cremation and the reasons for doing so must be detailed on the decedent's death certificate.

*7       Article 17, Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Armed Forces in the Field (1949); Article 20, Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of Wounded, Sick and Shipwrecked Members of Armed Forces at Sea (1949); Article 120, Geneva Convention Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War (1949); Article 130, Geneva Convention Relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons In Time of War (1949).

*8       Non-governmental organizations which have cooperated with the Commission are listed in Annex I.B, List of Missions Undertaken by the Commission.

*9       An example of this type of grave would be where a group of civilians was executed by machine-gun fire, and their fellow villagers conducted a proper burial in the local cemetery according to the appropriate religious rites.

*10       The following counties contain at least one reported mass gravesite and are addressed in the report: Bijeljina, Bosanski Brod, Bosanska Dubica, Bosanski Novi, Bosanski Petrovac, Brcko, Doboj, Foca, Gacko, Gospic, Kljuc, Konjic, Kotor Varos, Kupres, Modrica, Mostar, Nova Gradiska, Odzak, Ogulin, Osijek, Pakrac, Petrinja, Podravska Slatina, Prijedor, Rogatica, Sanski Most, Sarajevo, Slavonska Pozega, Sokolac, Srebrenica, Titova Korenica, Tomislavgrad, Travnik, Vinkovci, Vlasenica, Vukovar, Zenica and Zvornik. Mass graves have also been reported to exist in the county of Bratunac, which was the subject of a previous report and is not covered here.

*11       This number will fluctuate as additional information is received by IHRLI.

*12       For a discussion of the mass grave investigation at Pakracka Poljana, see Annex X.B, Mass Graves - Pakracka Poljana, UNPA Sector West, Croatia.

*13       For example, in the Brcko county, many of those buried in mass graves were prisoners of the Serb-run Luka camp. Most of the graves, however, only specified that the people were Luka prisoners, not that the identified perpetrators were Serbs.

*14       For example, if a report noted that 20 civilians were lined up against a wall and killed by automatic weapons fire, the victims would be classified as victims of a mass killing.

*15       An example of a grave which was deliberately concealed is Ovcara, an agricultural complex a few kilometres south of Vukovar. The gravesite at Ovcara is in a field near a dumpster, where the burial grounds are difficult to discover. For a discussion of the site explorations at Ovcara, see Annex X.A, Mass Graves - Ovcara Near Vukovar, UNPA Sector East.

*16       For a more detailed discussion of the policy of «ethnic cleansing», see Annex IV, The Policy of Ethnic Cleansing, and, more specifically, Annex V, The Prijedor Report.

*17       Some of the gravesites in Vukovar county may be an exception to this trend. Croatian civilians, as well as JNA forces, were reported to have registered many victims of the fighting in Vukovar. JNA forces were also said to have dug up bodies previously interred and taken them to for proper autopsy and burial. See the section on Vukovar for a more detailed discussion of these procedures.

*18       For a more detailed discussion of the gravesites in Blagaj, see below.

*19       See Annex IV, The Policy of Ethnic Cleansing, and Annex V, The Prijedor Report.

*20       Id.; see also Annex VIII, Prison Camps.

*21       For a discussion of the prison camps in Bijeljina, see Annex VIII, Prison Camps, paragraphs 462-507. For a discussion of the paramilitary groups operating in the region, see Annex III.A, Special Forces, paragraphs 344-361.

*22       A State Department disclosure asserted that the prewar demographic constitution of Bijeljina reflected a 90 per cent Muslim majority and 10 per cent Serb minority. Declassified Document No. 94-162, US State Department, IHRLI Doc. No. 56832.

*23       The witness recalls that the Arkan-led contingent was clad in black uniforms and stocking caps. Declassified Document No. 94- 46, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 56464. Another report places the number of Arkan's forces at 1,000. Declassified Document No. 94-45, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 56463; see also, Council for Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, Testimonies on Serbian Killing of Civilians in Bosnia-Herzegovina Outside a Combat Context, September 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 47719-47720.

*24       In order to leave Bijeljina, citizens had to have written permission from the local Serb authorities. This permission was given only upon payment of money. Declassified Document No. 94- 46, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 56833.

*25       Id.

*26       All information in this section is taken from Council of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, Testimonies on Serbian Killing of Civilians in Bosnia-Herzegovina Outside a Combat Context, September 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 47719-47720.

*27       It is unclear whether the bodies were ultimately dumped in the river, or were interred at a site near the river. The number of bodies also remains uncertain.

*28       The numbers of bodies in the garden graves was not specified, nor was the number of graves dug. Also, that people also buried strangers taken off the street may suggest that greater numbers are buried. Id.

*29       Novo Selo is also recognized under the name «Janja», after the estuary of the Drina which runs through the town.

*30       There was no further information as to the physical makeup of the «disposal site», nor were there details given regarding the location of the site. The refugee who provided the report learned of the use of the animal disposal site through conversations with friends who lived in Novo Selo. Declassified Document No. 94-45, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 56464.

*31       The exact location of the pits is unspecified, as is whether or not the pits constitute one mass grave. Declassified Document No. 94-46, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 56832.

*32       Batkovic is also referred to as «Crnjelovo-Donje».

*33       No further details are known about the transporting of corpses out of Batkovic camp. At one point, in or around July 1992, the Batkovic prison camp allegedly held 1,300 prisoners, all but two of whom were male. Declassified Document No. 94-366, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 62817.

*34       A named officer was reportedly the director of the camp. Declassified Document No. 94-366, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 62816-62819.

*35       For a discussion of prison camps in Bosanski Brod, see Annex VIII, Prison Camps, paragraphs 605-628. For a discussion of the paramilitary groups operating in the region, see Annex III.A, Special Forces, paragraphs 367-371.

*36       The following background information is taken from State Commission on War Crimes, Memorandum on Crimes of Rape of Children, Girls and Women of Serb Nationality in the Bosnia- Herzegovina Village of Novi Grad-Commune of Odzak, in Yugoslav Mission, Crimes of Genocide, Submission to the UN Centre for Human Rights, U.N. Doc. E/CN.4.1993/86 (8 February 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 12606-12650.

*37       The witness, whose name is redacted here, did not explain what she meant by «in this way». Statement of [Witness], Submission of the Republic of Serbia, 23 September 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 48597-48598.

*38       The report identified by name a witness to the event, whose name has been redacted from this document.

*39       The perpetrators are known but not named for confidentiality and prosecutorial reasons. Declassified Document No. 94-85, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 56592.

*40       Helsinki Watch, War Crimes In Bosnia-Herzegovina, Volume II (1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 9341-9343.

*41       The perpetrators are known, but not named for confidentiality and prosecutorial reasons. The person who ordered the killings reportedly wore blue camouflage, and a white patch insignia with four S's.

*42       Concurrent with the mass burial, other villagers were forced from their shelters and put on cargo cars out of the city. Declassified Document No. 94-1, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 56322.

*43       Helsinki Watch, Field Notes of Dinah PoKempner, 5 August 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 32329.

*44       All information in this section taken from Supplemental (6th) Submission of the Government of the United States of America to the United Nations (1 March 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 11893.

*45       A discussion of prison camps located in this county can be found in Annex VIII, Prison Camps, paragraphs 648-658.

*46       Drvar is the county directly south of Bosanski Petrovac. According to a witness interviewed by the US State Department, the Serbians in Drvar helped the Muslims upon their arrival, and were considered to be «good» Serbs. The background information in this section was taken from Declassified Document 94-84, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 56587-56588.

*47       It is possible that the burials in the graveyard were also mass graves, but because of the lack of information about the site, it is not separately discussed in this report.

*48       Declassified Document No. 94-6, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 56342-56343.

*49       Declassified Document No. 94-84, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 56587-56588.

*50       For a detailed discussion of the prison camps in Brcko, see Annex VIII, Prison Camps, paragraphs 711-865. Information regarding paramilitary groups operating in this county is contained in Annex III.A, Special Forces, paragraphs 385-403.

*51       Helsinki Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia-Herzegovina, Volume II (1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 9483.

*52       Declassified Document Re: Ethnic Cleansing, Torture and Killings in Brcko, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 34166. A witness has stated that two bridges were blown up that day. Report 3.2.2.2, Code No. BBR4, Submission of the Austrian Government to the United Nations, 16 April 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 18212-18213.

*53       These facilities included the Military casern movie hall, the «Laser» bus depot, the Posavina Hotel, the Partizan Sports Complex, the hospital and the city's three mosques. Declassified Document re: Ethnic Cleansing, Torture and Killings in Brcko, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 34166.

*54       The Luka Camp reportedly remained in operation between May and July of 1992. Helsinki Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia-Herzegovina, Volume II (1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 9489.

*55       Dr. Radovan Karadzic, President of the Serb Republic in Bosnia- Herzegovina, has rejected the accusations that Serbs perpetrated mass killings in Brcko as completely unfounded. Dr. Milan Bulajic, The System of Untruths About the Crimes of Genocide 1991- 1993, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts (1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 20128.

*56       Declassified Document No. 94-93, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 56615-56616. A witness interviewed by the State Department related that he, too, had heard rumours that a mass grave was located at the garbage depot, but had no firsthand knowledge about the site. Declassified Document No. 94-222, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 57050-57052. Another refugee noted there were rumours of a mass grave «near the Brcko- Bijeljina Road, about two to three kilometres from Brcko, near the beginning of Mrciniste». While the report does not specifically identify the site as the city dump, the sites are located on or near the same road. Field Notes of Dinah PoKempner, Helsinki Watch, 5 August 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 32304.

*57       Declassified Document No. 94-93, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 56615-56616. Another report describes the Luka Camp itself as being situated at a brick factory. If this report is accurate, then bodies were presumably being buried on-site immediately after they were killed. Submission of the US Mission Regarding Situation in Brcko, 3 November 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 11351.

*58       It should be noted that no other report makes mention of the cemetery as a possible mass burial site. UN Centre for Human Rights, Report of Zdravko Grebo, 19 November 1992.

*59       There are numerous reports which mention a «livestock pen», «chicken farm», «pig farm» and so forth. It is unclear from the report whether all of these reports mean to describe the agricultural complex at Bimex, but for the purposes of this analysis, they are discussed together.

*60       Unless otherwise noted, all information in this paragraph is taken from Declassified Document 94-222, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 57051-57052.

*61       Witness speculated the substance was some type of pesticide. However, the substance may have been lime. A journalist, whose name is on file with IHRLI, interviewed a witness who was involved in the fighting at Brcko. Journalist (name on file with IHRLI), Interview with [Witness], IHRLI Doc. No. 39142.

*62       This witness also provided directions to the site which were nearly identical to those of the first witness. Declassified Document No. 94-225, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 57063- 57064.

*63       The witness did not state whether all 1,000 persons were buried at Bimex. Declassified Document No. 94-201, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 56973.

*64       The road apparently runs parallel to the Sava River and is 500 metres away from its bank.

*65       Another report corroborates the existence of a mass grave near the Brcko-Brezovo Polje Road. The report notes that the site is east of the «pig farm», about one kilometre south of the Brcko- Brezovo Polje Road. The site allegedly consists of several filled trenches. Submission of the US Mission Regarding Situation in Brcko, 3 November 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 11351.

*66       All information in this section was taken from Submission of the US Mission Regarding Situation in Brcko, 3 November 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 11351.

*67       Submission of the US Mission Regarding Situation in Brcko, 3 November 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 11351.

*68       The report noted that this activity occurred during the first week of June. The witness, upon whose testimony the report was based, estimated that 1,000 people had been killed at the Luka Camp up to that point. Supplemental (7th) Submission of the Government of the United States of America to the United Nations, U.N. Doc. No. S/25586 (13 April 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 18254.

*69       The US 7th Submission notes that bodies were dumped into the Sava until at least the first week of June. This report places the stoppage of that activity as earlier in May.

*70       Information in this section taken from Declassified Material re: Body Disposal of Muslims and Croats at Brcko Camp and Kafilerija Farm, US Department of State, 3 August 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 33746; see also Defence Debriefing Team, Defence Debriefing Team Special Report on Concentration Camps, Submission of the Goverment of the United Kingdom to the United Nations, 30 September 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 43012.

*71       Submission of the US Mission Regarding Situation in Brcko, 3 November 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 11351.

*72       Declassified Documents re: the Location of the Detention Camp and Kafilerija Farm in Brcko, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 33775-33776.

*73       Muharem Omerdic, Muslims in Concentration Camps, 29 June 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 4318.

*74       Tresnjevka, Statement of [Witness], in Report re: Systematic Rape of Women, 28 September 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 48935.

*75       A discussion of detention facilities in Doboj can be found in Annex VIII, Prison Camps, paragraphs 975-1020. Paramilitary groups also operated in the county. These groups are discussed in Annex III.A, Special Forces, paragraphs 409-410.

*76       The following background information was taken from Helsinki Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia-Herzegovina, Volume II (1993), at 216- 217, IHRLI Doc. No. 9508-9509.

*77       It is reported that many women from the county were detained in various facilities and raped.

*78       This information was based on letters received at refugee camps, presumably from individuals in detention. Declassified Document No. 94-377, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 62489.

*79       Two individuals who reportedly led the irregular forces are known, but their names are not disclosed for confidentiality and prosecutorial reasons.

*80       The report did not reveal the fate of those sent to Doboj in the convoy.

*81       Declassified Document No. 94-377, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 62849.

*82       Id.

*83       A discussion of the many detention camps in Foca is provided in Annex VIII, Prison Camps, paragraphs 1035-1109. Identified paramilitary groups operating in the county are discussed in Annex III.A, Special Forces, paragraphs 413-420.

*84       Nina Bernstein, «The Home of Hate; Serbs Take Over Muslim Homes In Bosnian Towns», Newsday, 31 August 1993, at 4.

*85       Declassified Document No. 94-356, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 62781.

*86       Declassified Document No. 94-141, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 56776-56777.

*87       Id.

*88       Id.

*89       A Muslim woman reported that her husband was arrested by Serbs and taken to a concentration camp. She fled to Foca and from an apartment witnessed «the daily ritual of sexual abuse at the Partizan sports centre.» Roy Gutman, «A Daily Ritual of Sex Abuse», Newsday, 19 April 1993, at 5.

*90       Id.

*91       It is also alleged that many bodies were thrown into the Drina River. Declassified Document No. 94-218, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 57040.

*92       John M. Goshko, «U.S. Report Details Atrocities Committed By Bosnian Serbs», The Washington Post, 14 April 1993, at A24.

*93       Declassified Document No. 94-218, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 57040.

*94       She recognized and identified two of the victims. Their bodies were thrown into the Drina River. She also said that two of the perpetrators were reportedly locals. Id.

*95       This stadium was the site where several Muslim women were raped by uniformed Serb soldiers. Roy Gutman, «A Daily Ritual of Sex Abuse», Newsday, 19 April 1993, at 5.

*96       Declassified Document No. 94-218, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 57040. See also Supplemental (7th) Submission of the Government of the United States of America to the United Nations (13 April 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 11914.

*97       A witness, whose name is redacted here, identified by name the seven Muslims who were killed. Declassified Document No. 94-356, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 62784.

*98       Id.

*99       Information about this gravesite appears in the same report as the information for the «Potato Field» grave. Although the dates and numbers of the Muslims killed are the same, the names of the victims are all different. There is no indication whether these two incidents are related. Declassified Document No. 94-356, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 62784.

*100       Declassified Document No. 94-356, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 62784-62785. Two of the Bosnian Serb soldiers are known, but their names are not disclosed for confidentiality and prosecutorial reasons.

*101       The names of all the victims, which were provided in the report, have been redacted here. Id.

*102       Declassified Document No. 94-356, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 62784-62785.

*103       Declassified Document No. 94-142, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 56785.

*104       Id.

*105       Some of the victims were identified by name. Declassified Document No. 94-142, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 56787.

*106       Information in this section is taken from Declassified Document No. 94-142, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 56787-56788, and Declassified Document No. 94-141, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 56779.

*107       Id.

*108       It is also alleged that the Serbs killed a family in the forest by throwing several hand grenades in the dugout where they lived, killing the family of four women and three children. The seven people killed were identified in the report, but their names have been redacted here. Declassified Document No. 94-265, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 57192.

*109       The report also notes that there is photographic documentation of this incident. This documentation is not currently in the possession of IHRLI. Republic of Srpska, Crimes Against Serb People Committed on the Territory of the Republic of Srpska, Submission of the Republic of Serbia to the United Nations (25 October 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 5021.

*110       This report also has information on an incident in which captured Muslims were thrown into the Bezdanica gap. The report is unclear as to whether this is a mass grave. BiH Armed Forces, Statement of [Witness], IHRLI Doc. No. 39465A.

*111       Id.

*112       The witness' name is redacted here. BiH, State Commission on War Crimes, Statement of [Witness] (English translation), 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 29282.

*113       For an overview of identified prison camps in Gacko, see Annex VIII, Prison Camps, paragraphs 1116-1153. For a discussion of the activities of Seselj's units in the county, see Annex III.A, Paramilitary Report, paragraphs 421-427.

*114       Declassified Document No. 94-91, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 56611.

*115       Id.

*116       Id.

*117       All background information in this section taken from ECMM, Weekly Activity Report, January 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 5893.

*118       Id.

*119       Id.

*120       It is unclear from the report whether the hotel basement prison referred to in this document is the same Rudnik hotel basement mentioned in the ECMM submission. Supplemental (Sixth) Submission of the Government of the United States of America to the United Nations, U.N. Doc. S/25393 (10 March 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 18363.

*121       Id.

*122       It is unclear whether the testimonies contained in the ECMM and US Department of State submissions are referring to the same disappearances and killings or whether they are entirely separate incidents. Id.

*123       Declassified Document No. 94-126, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 57035.

*124       Id. The Gatacko field may be a different grave than the one mentioned in the other testimonies involving Gacko. The ECMM witness stated that the bodies were buried behind the Partisan Cemetery. The area behind the Partisan Cemetery may be the Gatacko field. If this is the case, then it is highly likely that the two witnesses are speaking about the same grave.

*125       Declassified Document No. 94-91, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 56611.

*126       Dan deLuce, «U.N. Says Croatian Army Razed Serb Villages», Reuters, 17 September 1993.

*127       Sherry Ricchiardi, «Civilians Become Bargaining Chips in Balkan War's Unremitting Terror», St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 18 September 1993, at 5B.

*128       Dan deLuce, «U.N. Finds Scorched Bodies in Serb Village», Reuters, 17 September 1993.

*129       «Croats Kill Serb Civilians, U.N. Says», Reuters, 19 September 1993.

*130       For details regarding the autopsy reports and the subsequent conclusions of PHR, see Physicians for Human Rights, Report of a Medicolegal Investigation in the Medak Pocket, former Yugoslavia from 27 to 29 October 1993, 10 January 1994, IHRLI Doc. No. 62592- 62597.

*131       For a detailed discussion of identified detention facilities in Kljuc, see Annex VIII, Prison Camps, paragraphs 1242-1258.

*132       One report stated that according to ethnic groups, Serbs formed the majority with 18,425 people, but non-Serbians (Muslim and «others») formed the total majority with 18,797 people. Croatian Information Centre, Genocide: Ethnic Cleansing in Northwestern Bosnia (Ante Beljo ed., 1993), at 7, IHRLI Doc. No. 39894.

*133       Among these military and paramilitary formations were groups from the so-called «Republic of Serbian Krajina», Martic units, the White Eagles (Beli Orlovi), Arkan units, Seselj units and other armed Serbian units. Croatian Information Centre, Genocide: Ethnic Cleansing in Northwestern Bosnia (Ante Beljo ed., 1993), at 9, IHRLI Doc. No. 39896.

*134       As a representative example, on 29 May 1992, regular Yugoslav Army (JNA) forces began a siege of the village of Sanica Donja, near Kljuc. The Muslims surrendered on about 31 June. The Serbs entered Sanica Donja again on about 3 July, and started at one end of the village and proceeded from house to house, taking all the men hostage. This process was repeated in most, if not all, of the villages of Kljuc. A more detailed summary of military action can be found with specific grave locations discussed below. Declassified Document No. 94-37, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 56440.

*135       Croatian Information Centre, Genocide: Ethnic Cleansing in Northwestern Bosnia (Ante Beljo ed., 1993), at 8, IHRLI Doc. No. 39895.

*136       Reportedly, many bodies were also thrown into the Sana River, or devoured by starving dogs and ravens. Croatian Information Centre, Genocide: Ethnic Cleansing in Northwestern Bosnia (Ante Beljo ed., 1993), at 8, IHRLI Doc. No. 39895.

*137       IHRLI Doc. No. 39907.

*138       Prhovo is located approximately 10 kilometres west of Kljuc.

*139       It was reported that the destruction of the village was ordered and carried out under the direction of Major Samardzija. It is also believed that he knew of the mass killing and ordered the burial. Declassified Document No. 94-78, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 56568-56569.

*140       Croatian Information Centre, Statement XVI, Genocide: Ethnic Cleansing in Northwestern Bosnia (Ante Beljo ed., 1993), at 75, IHRLI Doc. No. 39961. See also Declassified Document No. 94-78, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 56568-56569.

*141       Declassified Document No. 94-78, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 56568-56569.

*142       Id.

*143       Her list of some of those killed included 18 persons, whose names are redacted. Her list of some of the alleged perpetrators included 14 persons, whose names have also been redacted. Croatian Information Centre, Genocide: Ethnic Cleansing in Northwestern Bosnia (Ante Beljo ed., 1993), at 75-76, IHRLI Doc. No. 39961-39962.

*144       This report appears to be discussing the same incident that the Muslim woman reported, as the list of 53 people killed contained in this report contains the same names that she gave. Declassified Document No. 94-357, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 62787-62788.

*145       Id.

*146       To the west of the site stood another house. Declassified Document No. 94-357, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 62786- 62789.

*147       Id.

*148       Id.

*149       Id.

*150       Velagici was renamed «Ravna Gora» by local Serbian authorities in June 1992. Declassified Document No. 94-37, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 56445.

*151       Supplemental (7th) Submission of Government of the United States of America to the United Nations, U.N. Doc No. S/25586 (13 April 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 11944.

*152       The men were identified in the report, but their names are not disclosed for confidentiality and prosecutorial reasons.

*153       Id.

*154       Id.

*155       Id.

*156       The same bulldozer, or one similar to it, that was observed in a town called «Vecagici» was also seen in Biljani (discussed below) digging a mass grave. Declassified Document No. 94-37, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 56446. See also Declassified Document No. 94-17, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 56378.

*157       Declassified Document No. 94-37, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 56446.

*158       Id.

*159       Unless otherwise noted, the following information about mass graves in Biljani was reported in Declassified Document No. 94- 17, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 56378.

*160       It is believed that the meeting hall is the largest building in the village.

*161       The same bulldozer, or one similar to it, was also observed in the village of Vecagici, although no digging or corpses were seen in Vecagici.

*162       Declassified Document No. 94-20, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 56388.

*163       It is unclear whether both reports refer to the same burial, or if two burials actually took place.

*164       Declassified Document No. 94-20, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 56388.

*165       The date is thought to be sometime between 29 May and 3 June 1992.

*166       Declassified Document No. 94-20, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 56387.

*167       Id.

*168       The following information about mass graves in the village of Bijana in Kljuc county was reported in Unidentified Personal Testimony, 7 August 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 48879.

*169       It is believed that, in addition to the 120 people killed, there are some people who were taken to a concentration camp in Srnetici.

*170       The names of perpetrators were provided in the report, but have been redacted here.

*171       The report does not specify the date of the incident.

*172       For example, the Dzaferagici family was burned to death in their house.

*173       For a discussion of the activities of Arkan's men and other paramilitary groups in Konjic, see Annex III.A, Special Forces, paragraphs 436-444.

*174       Reportedly, Bradina was renamed «Donji Repovci» on 13 July 1992. Annex IV: A New Genocide Against Serbs in Konjic Area, Submission of the Government of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia to the United Nations (2 July 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 28777.

*175       The village was attacked again on 13 July, the day the village was renamed. The remaining Serb houses were burned, and a small number of villagers were detained in the Elementary school building. According to one report, many women were raped the evening of the 13 July. Id.

*176       One report identified persons who participated in the attack. Their names have been redacted here. Id. at Case I-075, IHRLI Doc. No. 28449-28450.

*177       Detention facilities included Celebici camp, Konjic Sports Hall, Bradina Elementary School and the prison.

*178       Two of the three reports on which this section is based were submitted by the Government of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Two of the reports, one of which alleges that 52 Serbs were killed, identify 44 victims by name. See Annex IV, IHRLI Doc. No. 28778-28782, and Annex IV, Case No. I-075, IHRLI Doc. No. 28449-28450.

*179       See Annex IV, IHRLI Doc. No. 28778-28782 (23 Serbs buried); Annex IV, Case No. I-075, IHRLI Doc. No. 28449-28450 (23 Serbs buried); Submission of the Government of Germany to the United Nations, 6 January 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 5459-5460 (57 Serbs buried).

*180       Id.

*181       For a discussion of prison camps in Kotor Varos, see Annex VIII, Prison Camps, paragraphs 1336-1366.

*182       Society for Threatened Peoples, Ethnic Cleansing: Genocide for Greater Serbia (T. Zulch ed.), IHRLI Doc. No. 14483.

*183       Supplemental (4th) Submission of the Government of the United States of America to the United Nations, U.N. Doc No. S/24918 (8 November 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 3166. See also Lyndsay Griffiths, «U.S. Releases New Report on Rights Abuses in Bosnia», Reuters, 7 December 1992.

*184       Although the witness says that he «had to» put the corpses into body bags, it is unclear whether he was actually forced to by Serbs or did so voluntarily. Id.

*185       Id.

*186       Zenica Centre for Research, List of the Places of Mass Execution and Commune Graveyards in the Republic of Bosnia-Herzegovina, August - September 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 42600-42601.

*187       Id.

*188       Id.

*189       In this report, the location of the mass grave is reportedly «Donji Varos». It appears to be the same location. Society for Threatened Peoples, Ethnic Cleansing: Genocide for Greater Serbia (T. Zulch ed.), IHRLI Doc. No. 14483.

*190       Id.

*191       Id.

*192       Bosnia Action Committee, Report on Atrocities Committed in Bosnia-Herzegovina, 4 February 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 9781.

*193       For a discussion of the activities of Seselj's men in Kupres, see Special Forces, Annex III.A, paragraphs 445-446.

*194       The following background information is taken from V. Hadzivukovic, M. Ivanisevic and D. Tanaskovic, Chronicle of an Announced Death (1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 37507.

*195       It is not clear from the report whether those found in the mass grave were among the 52 killed in Kupres. Submission of the Government of Germany to the United Nations, 6 January 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 5450.

*196       Annex: Information Transmitted by France to the Security Council, Submission of the Government of France to the United Nations, U.N. Doc. No. S/24678 (5 November 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 1332.

*197       Chronicle of an Announced Death (1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 37507.

*198       The location of Kupres field was not provided in the report. Department of Information and Research of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Croatia (hereinafter DIMH), Serbian War Crimes in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Ethnic Cleansing of Croats from Northern Bosnia (Posavina) and North-Western Bosnia (Krajina), 5 September 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 36702.

*199       For a discussion of camps in Modrica, see Annex VIII, Prison Camps, paragraphs 1415-1425. For information regarding paramilitary activity in the county, see Annex III.A, Special Forces, paragraphs 451-454.

*200       All information in this section was taken from Declassified Document No. 94-72, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 56552- 56553.

*201       According to the report, the brigade consisted of about 500 volunteers and two Croatian Army officers. Most of their ammunition consisted of old JNA stock. The brigade was subordinate to an unidentified Croatian corps from Croatia.

*202       The refugee who provided the information was a member of the voluntary brigade and speculated that the Serbs forbade burials to intimidate the local population into submission or flight.

*203       The policemen were later shot to death. Id.

*204       Council of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, Testimony V, Testimonies on a Serbian Killing of Civilians in Bosnia- Herzegovina Outside a Combat Context, September 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 47711-47712.

*205       The report did not state whether the bodies in the cement pit were given a proper burial. Declassified Document No. 94-72, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 56552-56553.

*206       For a discussion of paramilitary groups operating in Mostar, see Annex III.A, Special Forces, paragraphs 455-463, and Annex VIII, Prison Camps, paragraphs 1426-1467, for information on detention facilities in the county.

*207       Roy Gutman, «Croat Cleansing: Freed Muslims Tell of Brutality by Their Former Allies», Newsday, 23 July 1993, at 9.

*208       Chuck Sudetic, «In Mostar's Muslim Area, 35,000 Endure in Rubble», The New York Times, 30 September 1993.

*209       Roy Gutman, «Croat Cleansing: Freed Muslims Tell of Brutality by Their Former Allies», 23 July 1993, Newsday, at 9.

*210       IHRLI Doc. No. 62824; Amnesty International, Bosnia- Herzegovina, Gross Abuses of Basic Human Rights, October 1992, at 34-35, IHRLI Doc. No. 3535-3536.

*211       Declassified Document No. 94-47, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 56467-56468.

*212       The order to conduct this separation was allegedly given by Milan Skoro, the Chief of Police in Zalik. Id.

*213       Id.

*214       Id.

*215       According to a witness, one of the interrogators wore the insignia of the Beli Orlovi. Amnesty International, Bosnia- Herzegovina, Gross Abuses of Basic Human Rights, October 1992, at 34-35, IHRLI Doc. No. 3535-3536.

*216       Id.

*217       Id.

*218       Id.

*219       Amnesty International reports that at this point, the witness' story contradicts itself. In his written statement to Amnesty (as well as in the State Department report), witness says he received two bullet wounds. However, in an article published in a Zagreb newspaper, he stated, «I was not hit by a bullet but my leg hurt terribly because of the beating». Amnesty International, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Gross Abuses of Basic Human Rights, October 1992, at 34-35, IHRLI Doc. No. 3535-3536.

*220       It is unclear whether the enbankment was that of the landfill.

*221       The witness does not include this information in his statement to Amnesty International. Declassified Document No. 94-45, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 56467-56468.

*222       Id.

*223       Another report says that 26 civilians were found at the «Mostar garbage depot». This seems to refer to Sutina, since the date of the incident is listed as 26 June 1992. The civilians, according to the report, were from the villages of Zalici and Vrapcici. International Society for Human Rights, British Section, Human Rights and Serbia: Report 2 - Ethnic Cleansing - New Information On Human Rights Violations, 28 May - 2 July 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 9221.

*224       It is possible that Croatian troops discovered the mass grave at Sutina. An article in The St. Petersburg Times, 31 August 1992, stated that Croatian troops dug up mass graves containing some 200 mostly Muslim civilians who were reportedly shot by Serb irregulars in June 1992. The article mentioned pathologist Omar Kadic, who stated that almost all the corpses had been shot at close range with automatic weapons, as the Mazowiecki report noted. The victims ranged in age from 20-70. A few Croatian women were found at the site, but most of the corpses were middle- aged or elderly Muslim men. «Shelling of Marketplace Kills 15, Injures Dozens in Sarajevo», The St. Petersburg Times, 31 August 1992.

*225       T. Mazowiecki, Report on the Situation of Human Rights in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia«, U.N. Doc. No. E/CN.4/1993/50 (10 February 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 1335.

*226       Id.

*227       Defence Debriefing Team, Summary of Atrocity Information, Submission of the Government of the United Kingdom to the United Nations (30 September 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 43307.

*228       However, the report may be referring to the «Uborak» landfill, since that site was not excavated until August. Id. For a discussion of the Uborak site, see below.

*229       Unless otherwise noted, all information in this section was taken from Declassified Document No. 95-46, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 56469-56470.

*230       Four of the victims were identified in the report, but their names are redacted here.

*231       However, one report notes that 88 corpses were found at Vrapcici and 28 persons were shot dead at Sutina and buried at Uborak. This would suggest that the 88 who were thought to be buried at Uborak are actually in an independent grave. It might also suggest that Sutina is the name of the district in which the Uborak landfill sits, and that there is no landfill called Sutina. Zenica Centre for Research, List of Places of Mass Executions and Commune Graveyards in the Republic of Bosnia- Herzegovina, August - September 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 42601.

*232       The article did not state whether the graves were individual or collective. Charles Lane, «A Muslim Town's Long Nightmare», Newsweek, 6 September 1993.

*233       Zenica Centre for Research, List of Places of Mass Executions, IHRLI Doc. No. 42601.

*234       Roy Gutman, «Croat Cleansing: Freed Muslims Tell of Brutality by Their Former Allies», Newsday, 23 July 1993, at 9.

*235       Id.

*236       «Bosnians, Croatians Battle on Supply Line», The Chicago Tribune, 9 October 1993, at 6, IHRLI Doc. No. 35962.

*237       Id.

*238       Id.

*239       Jeff Kramer, «A Westside Photographer Traveled to Bosnia- Herzegovina to Capture the Fighting: What He Saw Was Genocide», The Los Angeles Times, 1 October 1992, at 1.

*240       Id.

*241       Id.

*242       Defence Debriefing Team, Special Report on Mass Graves, Annex E, Submission of the Government of the United Kingdom to the United Nations, 25 March 1994, IHRLI Doc No. 63817.

*243       Detention facilities in Nova Gradiska are discussed in Annex VIII, Prison Camps, paragraphs 3090-3110.

*244       International Human Rights Law Group, Testimony of [Witness], IHRLI Doc. No. 6214-6215.

*245       Id.

*246       Id.

*247       Declassified Document No. 94-169, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 56860.

*248       All of the witness' personal data is available at International Human Rights Law Group, Testimony of [Witness], IHRLI Doc. No. 6214.

*249       Id.

*250       Id.

*251       Id.

*252       «Macedonia Moves to Split from Yugoslavia», The Chicago Tribune, 20 December 1991, at 26.

*253       The arrests were reportedly carried out by three known perpetrators whose names are not disclosed for confidentiality and prosecutorial reasons.

*254       One man reportedly survived and was taken to Nova Gradiska detention camp. His fate thereafter is unknown. Id.

*255       The report states that all of the victims were buried in the mass grave. However, the victims are listed in two separate groups, so it is unclear if the victims in both groups are in the mass grave. Their names are provided in the source documentation, but have been redacted here. Ten additional victims are believed to have been set on fire in the house of Branko Miletic. Id.

*256       The report of this gravesite was based on the testimonies of three individuals, whose names are kept confidential, and who were detained in the Kerestinec camp. These testimonies are not currently in the possession of IHRLI. In addition, the report notes that there is a VHS tape of the incident, prepared by the Croatian forces responsible for the attack and subsequent killings. Case II-021, Submission of the Government of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia to the United Nations, U.N. Doc. No. YU/SC 780-92/DOC-1/E (3 November 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 1393.

*257       See Annex VIII, Prison Camps, paragraphs 1478-1506, for a discussion of detention facilities in Odzak, and Annex III.A, Special Forces, paragraphs 467-474, for a discussion of paramilitary groups operating in the region.

*258       Some of these detainees were shipped in the direction of Bosanski Brod on 1 July 1992.

*259       The detention facility in Poljari was located in a primary school.

*260       Information on the Aggression of the Republic of Croatia against the Serbian Republic and Genocide against the Serbs in the former Bosnia-Herzegovina, Submission of the Government of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia to the United Nations (27 November 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 48418.

*261       See Annex VIII, Prison Camps, paragraphs 3113-3125, for a discussion of detention facilities located in Ogulin.

*262       All preceding information was taken from Memorandum of Human Rights Abuse of Peaceful Serbian Community in Gorski Kotar, Croatia, Submission of the Government of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia to the United Nations (2 February 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 2989-2992.

*263       Memorandum on Violations of Human Rights in the Serb Community of Gorski Kotar, Croatia, Submission of the Government of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia to the United Nations (24 May 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 23480.

*264       See Annex III.A, Special Forces, paragraphs 624-629, for a discussion of the activities of Arkan's men and other paramilitary groups in Osijek. See Annex VIII, Prison Camps, paragraphs 3126-3140, for information on identified detention facilities in the county.

*265       Croatian Information Centre, Weekly Bulletin No. 18, 6 December 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 53131.

*266       Amnesty International, Yugoslavia: Torture and Deliberate and Arbitrary Killings in War Zones, November 1991, IHRLI Doc. No. 50167.

*267       Croatian Information Centre, Weekly Bulletin No. 18, 6 December 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 53131.

*268       One report alleges that as many as 1,500 civilians were killed during the first week of fighting in Dalj. Amnesty International, Yugoslavia: Torture and Deliberate and Arbitrary Killings in War Zone, November 1991, IHRLI Doc. No. 50167.

*269       Three accounts say 25 bodies were taken to the hospital, a fourth says 22 were transported.

*270       Bacre Waly Ndiaye, Report on the Special Rapporteur on Extrajudicial, Summary or Arbitrary Executions, Mr. Bacre Waly Ndiaye, on his Mission to the Former Yugoslavia from 15 to 20 December 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 4814. Other accounts place the number of bodies in the grave at 18. See Amnesty International, Yugoslavia: Torture and Deliberate and Arbitrary Killings in War Zone, November 1991, IHRLI Doc. No. 50167. One account alleges 35 persons. Croatian Information Centre, Weekly Bulletin No. 18, 6 December 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 53131. Finally, another says several hundred are buried there. Report on Mass Graves in UNPROFOR Sector East, Submission of the Government of the Republic of Croatia to the United Nations, U.N. Doc. No. S/25129 (20 January 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 4935.

*271       The date of the attack on Ernestinovo was not specified in any of the reports.

*272       Croatian Red Cross, Mass Graves Map and Ernestinovo (16 November 1992) and Croatian Red Cross (Osijek) Memorandum to UNPROFOR, No. 274/1992, 13 April 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 19780.

*273       Alleged victims buried in this pit, whose names are redacted here, included both soldiers and civilians. Id.

*274       Those buried in other graves were also identified in the report. Id.

*275       Croatian Red Cross, Report on Mass Graves in UNPROFOR Sector East, 9 December 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 3994.

*276       Binz' allegation that the graves were sanitary remains to be reconciled with the Red Cross report that many of the bodies were naked or buried with cattle. Morris Tidball Binz, Forensic Report on Preliminary Investigations of Mass Graves in the former Yugoslavia, 11 January 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 18997-18999 (with accompanying photographs and illustrations).

*277       The names of the victims were provided in the report, but have been redacted here.

*278       The location of the bridge was not provided in the report.

*279       An autopsy was performed on the body, which was identified in the report. The listed causes of death were «cuts on the neck and face, both palms, scalp taken off the skull». Dr. Predrag Delibasic, Medical Report on Causes of Deceased, Trpinja, 20 December 1991, IHRLI Doc. No. 50364.

*280       All information, including a list of those killed and an autopsy report of one of the victims is taken from UNCIVPOL, Mass Grave - Vladislavci - Cepin, 6 November 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 50357-50364.

*281       A more detailed discussion of camps in Pakrac county can be found in Annex VIII, Prison Camps, paragraphs 3143-3164.

*282       A separate report, without making mention of detention facilities, alleged that the Croatian Army massacred approximately 150 civilians in Pakracka Poljana in November of 1991. No other details regarding the killing were provided. Corell, Report Rapporteurs under the Moscow Human Dimension Mechanism to Croatia, 9/30/92 - 10/5/92, 7 October 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 276V-276W.

*283       Unless otherwise noted, the following background information is taken from Serbian Council Information Centre, Death Camps and Mass Graves in Western Slavonia: Marino Selo and Pakracka Poljana, 19 August 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 46326.

*284       The camp at Marino Selo was situated in a hotel. Prisoners were kept in the cellar.

*285       The report places the date of the killings at December 1991.

*286       Serbian Council Information Centre, Death Camps and Mass Graves in Western Slavonia: Marino Selo and Pakracka Poljana, 19 August 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 46326.

*287       The Serbian Council Information Centre said that one of the gravesites was reopened and the bodies moved as recently as 13 May 1993, but the report did not specify which site. Serbian Council Information Centre, Death Camps and Mass Graves in Western Slavonia: Marino Selo and Pakracka Poljana, 19 August 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 46326. According to the Government of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, EC monitors and the Red Cross never visited the camps. Document No. VI-026, Second Report Submitted To the Commission of Experts, Belgrade 1993, Submission of the Government of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia to the United Nations (2 July 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 28596-28597. Canada has also received information relating to the detention and killing of Serbs in the region. Incident 4.1, First Submission of the Government of Canada to the United Nations (12 March 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 12780.

*288       This man, who provided a deposition to the Serb Council Information Centre, is not identified in this report. Unless otherwise noted, all information in this section is taken from a transcript of the man's deposition. Serbian Council Information Centre, Deposition Transcript of [Witness], Death Camps and Mass Graves in Western Slavonia; Marino Selo and Pakracka Poljana, 15 August 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 46329.

*289       The prisoners were identified in the statement, but their names have been redacted here.

*290       The men were identified in the transcript, but their names have been redacted here.

*291       It appears from the report that more than the four prisoners who were taken out on 19 November were killed. One had died on 18 November after a heavy beating and a forced cold shower. Another was beaten to death on 20 November 1991.

*292       It should be noted that the witness alleged earlier in his statement that after the one prisoner died on 18 November, his body was «driven off somewhere» by a guard.

*293       The witness also mentioned that the body of another prisoner was buried downstream. It appears from the report that he was buried alone. The statement makes no mention of how the man died, but does state that both of his ears were cut off.

*294       The two witnesses were detained at the Ribarska Koliba camp. Each provided a statement to the Serbian Council Information Centre. Unless otherwise noted, information in this section is taken from both deposition transcripts. Serbian Council Information Centre, Deposition Transcript of [Witnesses], 18 December 1991, Death Camps and Mass Graves in Western Slavonia: Marino Selo and Pakracka Poljana, IHRLI Doc. No. 46330.

*295       Serbian Council Information Centre, Deposition of [Witness] dated April 15, 1992, Death Camps and Mass Graves in Western Slavonia: Marino Selo and Pakracka Poljana, 15 August 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 46335.

*296       As discussed earlier, the camp at Marino Selo was housed in a hotel. It is unclear whether the garbage pit referred to here is located behind the hotel where the Serbian prisoners were detained.

*297       Morris Tidball Binz, Forensic Report on Preliminary Investigations of Mass Graves in the Former Yugoslavia, 11 January 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 18999-19001 (with accompanying photographs and illustrations).

*298       One of the witnesses gave a written statement to UNCIVPOL which is similar in substance to that given to the Serbian Council Information Centre.

*299       This sketch does not illustrate the pit alleged to be situated at the hotel garbage dump. UNCIVPOL, Draft Drawing of the Location of Some Graves of Ethnic Serbs Murdered by the Fish Pond in Marino Selo (Detail 1), IHRLI Doc. No. 53184.

*300       UNCIVPOL, Memo from Sgt. Jone Blikra, UNCIVPOL Daruvar, to Mr. Cherniavsky, Civil Affairs Sector West, 26 October 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 50368.

*301       All information in this section taken from Morris Tidball Binz, Forensic Report on Preliminary Investigations of Mass Graves in the Former Yugoslavia, 11 January 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 18999- 19001 (with accompanying photographs and illustrations).

*302       Binz' report also noted that the names of most of the victims buried at the mass graves in Marino Selo are known, but did not indicate who is in possession of the information.

*303       Major J. Holland & Major P. Olson, Office of the Judge Advocate General, Canadian Forces, Interim Report of War Crimes Investigation Team for Pakracka Poljana, Croatia, IHRLI Doc. No. 62445-62467.

*304       Until otherwise noted, information in this section is taken from D.W. Nicholson, Complaint of Missing Person & Mass Grave - Between Poljana Pakracka and Gaj, 18 February 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 12891-12892.

*305       A person who is «in a powerful position in the Croatian government» was said to be responsible for the roundup, killing and subsequent burial of the civilians.

*306       See generally W.J. Fenrick, Investigation of Grave Sites Near Pakracka Poljana, Report Concerning On-Site Investigations in Croatia - October - November 1993, 10 February 1994, IHRLI Doc. No. 62423-62438 (broad overview of the mission and conclusions drawn from the investigation); Major J. Holland & Major P. Olson, Office of the Judge Advocate General, Canadian Forces, Interim Report of War Crimes Investigation Team for Pakracka Poljana, Croatia, IHRLI Doc. No. 62445-62467 (detailed discussion of the investigation's findings, summary of investigative procedures at the sites and surrounding areas and maps of the area); S. Murray- Ford & Sergeant J.L. Lamothe, Canadian Forces Military Police, Investigation Report Regarding Mass Graves - Pakracka Poljana, 30 November 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 62468-62483 (day-by-day chronology of the team's activities and findings); Physicians for Human Rights, Report of A Preliminary Medicolegal Investigation of a Series of Clandestine Graves Near Pakracka Poljana, Former Yugoslavia, 25 January 1994, IHRLI Doc. No. 62484-624572 (detailed discussions of forensic information retrieved from each exhumed grave and autopsy reports for all bodies).

*307       D.W. Nicholson, Complaint of Missing Person & Mass Grave - Between Poljana Pakracka and Gaj, 18 February 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 12891-12892.

*308       Fenrick, On-Site Report, at 7/16, IHRLI Doc. No. 62429.

*309       Murray-Ford & Lamothe, Investigation Report, IHRLI Doc. No. 62469.

*310       Holland & Olson, Interim Report of WCIT, at 15/15, IHRLI Doc. No. 62459.

*311       Id.

*312       Murray-Ford & Lamothe, Investigation Report, 30 November 1993.

*313       D.W. Nicholson, Complaint of Missing Person & Mass Grave - Between Poljana Pakracka and Gaj, 18 February 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 12891-12892.

*314       Holland & Olson, Interim Report of WCIT, at 15/15, IHRLI Doc. No. 62459.

*315       For a detailed sketch of the layout of Site C, the positioning of the 23 trenches, and the other excavations done on-site, see Holland & Olson, Interim Report of WCIT, IHRLI Doc. No. 62462.

*316       The two bodies appeared to be in military uniform.

*317       The WCIT did not speculate in its report as to the reason that feature 10 was chosen as a burial site amongst 23 military trenches.

*318       The only identifying characteristic left on the skeletal remains was a pair of cowboy boots.

*319       WCIT also did a thorough investigation of the surrounding areas, including a forested area near the railway tracks, the area of the soccer field and railway station, and an area near the airfield. These were all reported to be possible gravesites, but no evidence of burial sites were found. Id.

*320       Holland & Olson, Interim Report of WCIT, at 12/15, IHRLI Doc. No. 62456. Numerous pieces of physical evidence were also retrieved from the gravesites. All but one of these items (an Italian coin) was preserved, recorded and marked for chain of custody purposes.

*321       All information in this paragraph taken from Fenrick, On-Site Report, IHRLI Doc. No. 62423-62438.

*322       Fenrick also noted that the allegation of 1,700 bodies, contained in a report by the Serbian Council Information Centre in August 1993, may have originated with Nicholson's calculation from his first on-site inspection, and did not constitute an independent allegation. Fenrick, On-Site Report, at 8/16, IHRLI Doc. No. 62430.

*323       Interestingly, this period also corresponds with the time that Serbs were allegedly imprisoned and killed while detained at Marino Selo and Stara Ciglana.

*324       Physicians for Human Rights, Report of A Preliminary Medicolegal Investigation of a Series of Clandestine Graves Near Pakracka Poljana, Former Yugoslavia, 25 January 1994, at 1, IHRLI Doc. No. 62486.

*325       See Annex VIII, Prison Camps, paragraphs 3165-3170, for a discussion of identified detention facilities in Petrinja, and Annex III.A, Special Forces, paragraphs 634-638, for an overview of paramilitary activity in the county.

*326       Submission of the Republic of Croatia to the United Nations, 14 September 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 42287; see also Supplemental (6th) Submission of the Government of the United States of America to the United Nations, 12 March 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 11900.

*327       The location of what appear to be the villages of Zupic and Nebojan was not clarified. The location of the Gavrilovic vineyards is also unspecified.

*328       The witness identified four victims, one of whom was a civilian. The witness also reported that all Serbs were in camouflage uniforms. Serbian War Crimes in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Ethnic Cleansing of Croats from Northern Bosnia (Posavina) and North- Western Bosnia (Krajina), Submission of the Government of the Republic of Croatia to the United Nations (14 September 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 42915.

*329       The witness did not clarify how many survivors there were, nor did he state whether there were any persons alive who could not walk.

*330       Inconsistencies in the witness' report appear when the Serbs noticed that he and another Croat, identified as «I.C.», were still alive (the witness also recalls another wounded person, «M.A», who told the witness that he could not help the witness stand). Apparently paying little attention to them, the Serbs moved on to the cottage, at which point the witness «saw that there was nobody but me» and proceeded to move along the hill. The fates of «M.A.» and «I.C.» are not known. Id., IHRLI Doc. No. 42915.

*331       All of the information in this section is taken from Declassified Document No. 94-81, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 56579-56581.

*332       The report identifies the following reported Serb perpetrators at the Petrinja camp: Cedo Vukmirovic (Chief «jailer»), Fnu Zoric, Zeljko Ostojic, Sergeant Vodnik, Djuro Krnjajic, and another JNA Lieutenant who was allegedly a former civilian police inspector in Kutina.

*333       For burials at Vasil Gacesa, see below.

*334       The witness stated that the bodies were in a state of «advanced decomposition» which made it difficult to ascertain the causes or place of death.

*335       There is, however, a disparity in the number of victims mentioned in the two reports. The first account suggests that 21 individuals were killed (24 total victims, less three identified survivors). The second account places the number of victims at 18.

*336       The specific location of the Vasil Gacesa casern is unspecified; however, the report indicates that it formerly served as JNA army barracks in Petrinja. The date of the burial is also unclear, but it may be that the interments took place during or after September 1991, after the Serb offensive began.

*337       B. Plavsic, Testimonies Re: Crimes of Moslem-Croatian Forces, Submission of the Government of the Republic of Serbia to the United Nations (30 September 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 5095, 5103.

*338       A discussion of paramilitary activity in this county can be found in Annex III.A, Special Forces, paragraphs 639-642.

*339       All information in this section taken from The Humanitarian Law Fund, Report on War Crimes and Violations of Human Rights as indicated in Politika, Borba and Vjesnik (1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 49755.

*340       At least 11 civilians were killed in Vocin on 14 December 1991, when Serb paramilitary formations poured gasoline on them and set them on fire. It is unclear from the report whether the bodies of these victims are inside the church.

*341       Annex V, The Prijedor Report, and Annex VIII, Prison Camps, paragraphs 1530-2255, both provide detailed discussions of identified detention facilities in Prijedor. Annex III.A, Special Forces, paragraphs 478-497, discusses paramilitary activity in the county.

*342       The following background information is taken from George Rodrigue, Serbs Systematic in Ridding Region of Muslims, Many Say: Bosnia Corridor Considered Crucial to 'Republic,' Dallas Morning News, 27 December 1992, at 1A.

*343       Declassified Document No. 94-201, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 56971.

*344       For a detailed discussion of the July killing at Keraterm, see the section on the Omarska mining complex.

*345       Declassified Document No. 94-15, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 56372.

*346       Id.

*347       Defence Debriefing Team, Material on Debriefing of Omarska Camp Prisoner, Submission of the Government of the United Kingdom, 19 October 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 40079.

*348       Former Yugoslavia: Grave Breaches of the Fourth Geneva Convention, Supplemental Submission (2nd) of the United States Government to the United Nations, 22 October 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 119.

*349       See infra for further discussion of the burials of prisoners from Keraterm camp.

*350       Also spelled «Bajr».

*351       Croatian Information Centre, Weekly Bulletin No. 2, 16 August 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 34956.

*352       Information was given to this source by a Serb guard at Keraterm.

*353       All of the soldiers were from Prijedor, Banja Luka, and Sanski Most units. They wore camouflage, red berets, and the Serbian flag on their sleeves.

*354       The witness did not note whether the burials were supervised by the Serb infantry, or if the villagers buried the victims on their own.

*355       Supplemental (7th) Submission of the Government of the United States of America to the United Nations (12 April 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 11940.

*356       Croatian Information Centre, Written Statement- Code jad15ea, January 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 39236A.

*357       Id.

*358       Supplemental (7th) Submission of the Government of the United States of America to the United Nations (12 April 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 11940.

*359       This background information was taken from Declassified Document No. 94-8, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 56346.

*360       Trnjani is a small village between Omarska and Trnopolje. An alleged camp was set up on the school grounds there, and reportedly many men from Kozarac were imprisoned.

*361       This information is taken from Declassified Document No. 94-8, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 56346.

*362       It appears from other witness statements that the gravediggers were not referring solely to the rape victims who had been killed. Id.

*363       Declassified Document No. 94-163, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 56839.

*364       Declassified Document No. 94-182, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 56902.

*365       Declassified Document No. 94-95, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 56623.

*366       It is also possible that a group of over 100 prisoners from Keraterm might be buried near the fish hatchery. One report noted that the bodies, which were all killed during one night, may have been taken to Lake Ribkjak for dumping. Defence Debriefing Team Material, Summary 24 of Atrocity Information, Submission of the Government of the United Kingdom, 30 September 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 43281.

*367       Declassified Document No. 94-331, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 62706.

*368       Declassified Document No. 94-261, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 57176.

*369       Declassified Document No. 94-291, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 62631.

*370       Declassified Document No. 94-261, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 57197.

*371       It did not appear from the report that the witness actually dug the graves at this site. It is also unclear whether the mill is located in Trnopolje proper, for the witness mentioned gravesites in several nearby villages. Helsinki Watch, Field Notes of Dinah PoKempner, 5 August 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 32319.

*372       Helsinki Watch, Field Notes of Dinah PoKempner, 5 August 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 32336.

*373       The witness did not specify if the individuals he buried were prisoners of the camp.

*374       This burial was on or after 26 June 1992, when witness received his first burial assignment. Helsinki Watch, Field Notes of Dinah PoKempner, 5 August 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 32319.

*375       A 21 year-old prisoner stated he and another detainee had to bury nine bodies in a nearby field. Submission of Information by Austria, Submission of the Government of Austria to the United Nations (5 March 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 18426.

*376       Declassified Document No. 94-261, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 57197.

*377       One report stated, «in Trnopolje, there are mass graves next to each house with 5, 10, 20 bodies». Former Yugoslavia: Grave Breaches of the Fourth Geneva Convention, Supplemental (2nd) Submission of the United States Government to the United Nations (22 October 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 119.

*378       There is a discrepancy in the spelling of the name of the house's resident. One spells it Redzic, another Redjic. From other facts, it is clearly the same house. One spelling may be phonetic.

*379       The less detailed report says that 11 were killed. Declassified Document No. 94-28, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 56411. Another report places the number at 13. Declassified Document No. 94-13, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 56360.

*380       Names of the victims were provided in the report, but are redacted here.

*381       The remaining men, along with 17 male prisoners, were taken to Esad Redzic's house and killed. Declassified Document No. 94-28, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 56411.

*382       Submission of Information by Austria, Submission of the Government of Austria to the United Nations (5 March 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 18426.

*383       BiH, State Commission on War Crimes, Case File 735/1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 33330-33331.

*384       Spelled «Sivac» in one report.

*385       Declassified Document No. 94-266, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 57197.

*386       Witness did not say whether the 50 killed on 26-27 June were those buried on this road, or furthermore, if they were prisoners of Trnopolje Camp. The gravedigger said Talic was buried in Sivci, near the Meitaf. There is a knife still stuck in his neck. Helsinki Watch, Field Notes of Dinah PoKempner, 5 August 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 32319.

*387       The names of the prisoners were provided in the report, but have been redacted here.

*388       Id.

*389       Another witness said Omarska had only one mass grave, an open mine pit. Forty to 50 bodies per day, for 25 days, were taken to this site for burial. It is possible that the witness was referring to the mining complex generally. Declassified Document No. 94-95, IHRLI Doc. No. 56622.

*390       Supplemental (2nd) Submission of the Government of the United States of America to the United Nations (22 October 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 119.

*391       It is unclear whether the mine at Tomasica is part of the Omarska complex or an independent site. Information on the Tomasica mine is discussed.

*392       Zenica Centre for Research, List of the Places of Mass Execution and Commune Graveyards in the Republic of Bosnia-Herzegovina, August - September 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 42601.

*393       Defence Debriefing Team, DDT Special Report: Concentration Camps and Other Places of Detention in the Former Republic of Yugoslavia, Submission of the Government of the United Kingdom to the United Nations, 30 September 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 43018- 43019.

*394       Witness noted, however, that he believed this killing was a unilateral action by some of the camp guards and not officially ordered. Id., IHRLI Doc. No. 43035.

*395       One account lists the date as 19 July. Declassified Document No. 94-15, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 56369. Another says 24 July. Declassified Material, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 56964. Most of the accounts do not refer to a date, or simply say it took place in mid-July.

*396       Estimates of those killed ranged from 99 to 400. Three of the accounts, however, place the number as between 150 and 250.

*397       Estimates of those wounded were fairly consistent, being between 40-50 inmates.

*398       Again, the accounts diverge as to the number of prisoners loading bodies. Anywhere from two to 20 prisoners were put on burial detail.

*399       Most of the accounts simply say that the bodies were dumped in the mine. However, one account alleges that the bodies were doused with liquid and burned. Declassified Document No. 94-172, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 56872.

*400       Some of the reports listed multiple locations as possible burial sites.

*401       Declassified Document No. 94-5, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 56328.

*402       The witness personally observed 100 corpses loaded onto a 11 metre truck, but did not specify if the trucks went to the swamp. Declassified Document No. 94-270, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 57208.

*403       Former Yugoslavia: Grave Breaches of the Fourth Geneva Convention, Supplemental (3rd) Submission of the Government of the United States of America to the United Nations, U.N. Doc. No. S/24791 (10 November 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 2121.

*404       The witness also alleged that during his 73 days of detention in Omarska, 1,200-1,400 persons died. Submission of Information by Austria, Submission of the Government of Austria to the United Nations, U.N. Doc. No. S/25377 (6 March 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 18405.

*405       Declassified Document No. 94-206, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 57003.

*406       Defence Debriefing Team, DDT Special Report: Concentration Camps and Other Places of Detention in the Former Republic of Yugoslavia, Submission of the Government of the United Kingdom, 30 September 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 43035.

*407       One report alleges that as many as 5,000 prisoners were «burned» at the Tomasica mine. Republic of BiH Parliament, Commission for Protection of Human Freedoms and Rights, Excerpts from Aggression Against the Republic of BH - Facts of the Effects, 6 April 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 29894.

*408       Declassified Document No. 94-179, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 56964.

*409       One of the victims was Mustafa Ceric, the owner of the residence.

*410       Declassified Document No. 94-6, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 56451.

*411       Defense Debriefing Team Material, Submission of the Government of the United Kingdom, 19 September 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 40079.

*412       Declassified Document No. 94-75, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 56559.

*413       Id.

*414       Id.

*415       One account refers to the site only as the Ljubija strip mine. The other account specifies the Iskupine pit. Because of the similarity of facts relating to the incident, the accounts are discussed together here.

*416       One account by a known witness specifically mentioned the pit. Declassified Document No. 94-292, IHRLI Doc. No. 62633. The other account, of a man who escaped, does not mention burial at all. It could be that he escaped before being able to witness a burial. Declassified Document No. 94-146, IHRLI Doc. No. 56804.

*417       Declassified Document No. 94-385, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 62875.

*418       The first attack on Brisevo was 27 May 1992. For a discussion of events in Brisevo.

*419       Declassified Document No. 94-67, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 56538.

*420       Supplemental (7th) Submission of the Government of the United States of America to the United Nations (13 April 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 11940.

*421       Declassified Document No. 94-250, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 57146.

*422       Croatian Information Centre, Weekly Bulletin No. 10, 11 October 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 47019, 43734.

*423       Croatian Information Centre, Weekly Bulletin No. 2, 16 August 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 34957.

*424       While the numbers do not correspond, these bodies may have been those of the seven men killed at Miska Glava, or the 10 who disappeared from the cafe.

*425       Croatian Information Centre, Weekly Bulletin No. 10, 11 October 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 43727.

*426       Id.

*427       Declassified Document No. 94-385, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 62875.

*428       Raljas may be the name of a creek near Ljubija.

*429       Supplemental (7th) Submission of the Government of the United States of America to the United Nations (13 April 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 11940.

*430       Declassified Document No. 94-67, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 56358.

*431       Croatian Information Centre, Statement of [Witness], 30 January 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 14951.

*432       Declassified Document No. 94-50, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 56483.

*433       The identities of the victims have been redacted.

*434       The source also believed that the victims were killed not because of their ethnicity, but because they were wealthy residents of the community. Declassified Document No. 94-13, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 56358.

*435       Victims were identified in the source documentation, but their names are redacted here.

*436       Id.

*437       Supplemental (7th) Submission of the Government of the United States of America to the United Nations (13 April 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 11940.

*438       All the witness' personal data is available at the Department for Collecting Documentation and Processing Data on the Liberation War. Croatian Information Centre, Statement of [Witness], 30 January 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 14590.

*439       Most of them were killed by fire arms, but some of them were tortured before death. Croatian Information Centre, Statement of [Witness], 30 January 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 14592.

*440       Supplemental (8th) Submission of the Government of the United States of America to the United Nations (16 June 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 23449.

*441       Id., IHRLI Doc. No. 23449.

*442       Id., IHRLI Doc. No. 23449.

*443       Serbian Army major, Veljko Brajic, reportedly led the Brisevo operation and was later promoted to either lieutenant-colonel or colonel. Croatian Information Centre, Statement of [Witness], 30 January 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 14593.

*444       Names of other perpetrators have been redacted from this report, but are available in the original documentation.

*445       A list of victims buried in eight individual graves in the Brisevo area can be found in the original documentation.

*446       The above details about the grave markings and burial methods are at the Croatian Information Centre, Statement of [Witness], 30 January 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 14597.

*447       Unless otherwise noted, information in the following sections was taken from Croatian Information Centre, Statement of [Witness], 30 January 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 14590-14601.

*448       Supplemental (8th) Submission of the Government of the United States of America to the United Nations (16 June 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 23449.

*449       Supplemental (8th) Submission of the Government of the United States of America to the United Nations (16 June 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 23450.

*450       Id.

*451       According to the witness, this body had been tortured and was found in a corn field. He was found with his eyes missing, his ears cut off, the muscles on his arms severed, and his skull cracked with a lath or club.

*452       Approximately 150 metres north-west of this site, on the east side of the paved road from Dimaci to Buzuci, is the grave of an unidentified woman. Id.

*453       Id.

*454       The witness considers these two sites to be one location because they are close in proximity.

*455       Id.

*456       One of the women buried at this site was raped until she died. S.B. and I.Z. buried her 15 days after her death. There were visible signs of bites on her breasts and parts of her body were missing. It appeared that parts of her breasts had been bitten off. She was found naked in the field.

*457       Id., IHRLI Doc. No. 23451.

*458       There are many human corpses and bones in the part of the Kurevo forest between Radulovic's house on the one side and Babic's house on the other side (called Rivica Strana). The Muslims who attempted to escape from the area around Hambarine to Stari Majdan or Japra were killed at this spot. Their villages were destroyed and when they tried to flee, they were shot by Serbs stationed at the Lisina hill. There are many dead women, children, and men in this part of the Kurevo forest. The witness found six or seven piles of bodies, 10 or 12 bodies per pile. Some of the bodies were already so decomposed that the witness could see the bones.

*459       Detention facilities in Rogatica are discussed in Annex VIII, Prison Camps, paragraphs 2276-2328. Information on paramilitary groups operating in the county is provided in Annex III.A, Special Forces, paragraphs 498-503.

*460       It is not clear that this mass grave is located in Rogatica county; however, since the witness is from Visegrad and the convoy did not seem to have traveled far before the killing took place, it is discussed here as being in Rogatica. All information in this section taken from Republic of Bosnia- Herzegovina Ministry of Interior, Security Department, Statement of [Witness], 3 July 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 34721.

*461       Slap appears to be on the border line between Visegrad and Rogatica counties.

*462       The local civilian had a list of 85 buried victims and the personal property had also been accounted. Therefore, it appears that the civilian, perhaps with the assistance of the man who buried the personal property, buried the victims in the graves once they resurfaced in the Drina. Memorandum from UNMO Sarajevo to UNMO HQ Zagreb Re: Mass Grave, October 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 43931.

*463       Identified detention facilities in Sanski Most are discussed in Annex VIII, Prison Camps, paragraphs 2336-2377.

*464       Supplemental (7th) Submission of the Government of the United States of America to the United Nations (12 April 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 11943-11944.

*465       Declassified Document No. 94-189, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 56923-56926.

*466       The report notes that the witness provided a detailed description of the site, but the description was not contained in the report and is not currently in the possession of IHRLI. Supplemental (7th) Submission of the Government of the United States of America to the United Nations (12 April 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 11943-11944.

*467       Declassified Document No. 94-189, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 56923-56926.

*468       The escapee's name was provided in the report but has been redacted here. Id.

*469       It should be noted that other villages in Sanski Most, such as Donji Kamengrad and Demisevic, were also completely destroyed and their populations have either been killed or remain missing. However, no reports of mass graves have surfaced from these other villages. Declassified Document No. 94-189, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 56923-56926.

*470       The name of the village was spelled «Otes» in the document. For the purposes of this report, it is presumed to refer to the village of Otis in Sanski Most county.

*471       Defence Debriefing Team, Special Report on Mass Graves, Submission of the Government of the United Kingdom to the United Nations, 7 March 1994, IHRLI Doc. No. 63818.

*472       All information in this section taken from Croatian Information Centre, Written Statement of G.S., 20 January 1994, IHRLI Doc. No. 63973-63983 (with accompanying maps illustrating places of execution).

*473       See Annex VIII, Prison Camps, paragraphs 2378-2521, for identified detention facilities in and around Sarajevo. A discussion of paramilitary groups operating in the county can be found in Annex III.A, Special Forces, paragraphs 506-525.

*474       The memo stated that information about the site was received from Muslim prisoners.

*475       All information in this section is taken from Memorandum from U.N. Commission of Experts to U.N. Centre for Human Rights Regarding Mass Grave Allegation, 22 October 1993 (with accompanying illustration), IHRLI Doc. No. 46344-46347.

*476       ECMM, Report No. 9581, ECMM Daily Monitoring Activity, 22 November 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 50320-50323.

*477       Die Zeit on Serb Mass Grave in Centre of Sarajevo, Yugoslav Daily Survey, 26 July 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 29517.

*478       This is believed to be a phonetic spelling of Ahatovici, a village in Sarajevo. Most of the soldier's testimony concerns events in and around Sarajevo.

*479       According to the soldier, 120 living prisoners were on one of the trucks when it arrived in Ahatovici. Court TV, Edited Transcript of Testimony of [Witness], IHRLI Doc. No. 16876-16879.

*480       The soldier related that he could hear the wounded prisoners screaming and moaning.

*481       In this edited version of the soldier's testimony, a precise description of the location of the grave was not provided. Court TV, Edited Transcript of Testimony of [Witness], IHRLI Doc. No. 16883-16885.

*482       It is unclear whether the soldier was referring to Bihac county or some other location. Illiach appears to be the phonetic spelling for the Ilijas district. It seems impractical for bodies to have been transported from Bihac to Ilijas, which is in Sarajevo. The transcript of this interrogation is edited and difficult to follow, with the translator using phonetic spellings on much of the location and name information. IHRLI Videotape No. 18, Transcript of [Witness], IHRLI Doc. No. 32186.

*483       Twenty-four perpetrators were also named in the report. Union for Peace and Humanitarian Aid to Bosnia-Herzegovina, Report on Massacre in Village of Ljesevo on June 5, 1992, 28 October 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 49205-49208.

*484       The report consisted of an edited transcript of the soldier's interrogation. Many of the spellings are phonetic and the material is extremely difficult to follow. CNN News, Transcript of Interrogation of [Witness], in Serbs Using Rape as a Weapon, IHRLI Videotape 18, IHRLI Doc. No. 32239-32241.

*485       Serbian Council Information Centre, Report on Harassment and Ethnic Cleansing in Western Slavonia by the Authorities of the Republic of Croatia, 31 October 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 14159-14162.

*486       The report noted that the Serbs were afraid that they were not welcome in Croatian-dominated villages, and that there was no accessible route to the nearest refugee camp.

*487       Case I-046, Second Report Submitted to the Commission of Experts, Belgrade 1993, Submission of the Government of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia to the United Nations, 2 July 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 28419.

*488       This man was reportedly the bodyguard of a supposed Serb commander.

*489       All information in this section was taken from State Commission for Gathering Facts on War Crimes in the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Testimony of N.N., Bulletin No. 3, March 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 29866-29867.

*490       For a discussion of the activities of Arkan's men in Srebrenica, see Annex III.A, Special Forces, paragraphs 526-528.

*491       All information in this section was taken from Declassified Document No. 94-55, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 56500- 56501.

*492       The gravesite is on the left of the school, when entering Debelo Brdo from the direction of Bihac.

*493       All information in this section was taken from The Humanitarian Law Fund, Report on War Crimes and Violations of Human Rights as indicated in Politika, Borba and Vjesnik (1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 49755.

*494       The report does not specify in which army Pasalic serves.

*495       It is presumed, for the purposes of this report, that «Rastani» is the phonetic spelling for Rascani, a village in the centre of Tomislavgrad county.

*496       ECMM, Report No. 38, ECMM Humanitarian Activity, 19-25 September 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 38472.

*497       Activity of paramilitary groups in Travnik is discussed in Annex III.A, Special Forces, paragraphs 534-536.

*498       An official source, IHRLI Doc. No. 40147-40149.

*499       Id.

*500       Declassified Document No. 94-126, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 56717-56720.

*501       Helsinki Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia-Herzegovina, Volume II, April 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 9329.

*502       One report alleges that the bodies of as many as 3,000 «convoy victims» may be at this site. Society for Threatened Peoples, Genocide in Bosnia (T. Zulch ed.), IHRLI Doc. No. 4041-4042.

*503       A great deal of information for this section of the report was obtained from US State Department debriefings of two of the survivors of the mass killing. In all, seven or eight persons survived.

*504       Some reports place the date of incident in late July or early August. However, most of the survivors of the mass killing on Vlasic mountain note the date as 21 August 1992.

*505       Declassified Document No. 94-179, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 56889-56891.

*506       Id.

*507       Declassified Document No. 94-31, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 56420-56423. Another report noted that only 10 women were «released» at Trnopolje. Declassified Document No. 94-179, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 56889-56891.

*508       Declassified Document No. 94-31, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 56420-56423.

*509       Id.

*510       Id.

*511       Id.

*512       Declassified Document No. 94-179, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 56889-56891.

*513       The reports allege the convoy travelled anywhere from an additional 200 metres to two kilometres.

*514       Declassified Document No. 94-31, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 56420-56423.

*515       Declassified Document No. 94-179, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 56889-56891. Another report noted that the commander of this operation was Dragan Mrdja, nicknamed «Drdo». Declassified Document No. 94-196, US Department of State, IHRLI Bates No. 56945-47.

*516       Id.

*517       Id.

*518       Id.

*519       Declassified Document No. 94-179, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 56889-56891.

*520       Declassified Document No. 94-31, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 56420-56423.

*521       Presumably, one of the witnesses interviewed by the State Department was among the three men taken to the back of the bus.

*522       Declassified Document No. 94-179, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 56889-56891.

*523       Declassified Document No. 94-31, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 56420-56423.

*524       Id.

*525       Id.

*526       Id.

*527       Helsinki Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia-Herzegovina, Volume II, April 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 9329.

*528       B.J. appears to be the only witness who has estimated the number of those killed at Vlasic on 21 August as less than 200. Id.

*529       Zdravko Grebo, Report re: Crimes Committed Against Non-Serbian Citizens of B-H, 19 November 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 5493.

*530       Submission of the Government of Germany to the United Nations (11 January 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 5491.

*531       Report on Mass Graves in UNPROFOR Sector East, Submission of the Government of the Republic of Croatia to the United Nations, U.N. Doc. No. S/25129 (20 January 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 4934-4935.

*532       Id.

*533       ECMM, Eleven Mass Graves Discovered in Sector East and Mass Grave Report to Date, 6 June 1992 to 16 June 1992, 12 May 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 19282.

*534       All information in this section taken from Morris Tidball Binz, Forensic Report on Preliminary Investigations of Mass Graves in the Former Yugoslavia, 11 January 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 18998- 18999 (with accompanying photographs and illustrations).

*535       International Society for Human Rights, British Section, Human Rights & Serbia - Report 2 - Ethnic Cleansing: New Information on Human Rights Violations, July 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 9234.

*536       All information in this section was taken from UNCIVPOL, UNCIVPOL Memo Re: Possible Mass Graves in Sector East, IHRLI Doc. No. 3984.

*537       The bracket character was used to spell the name of the railroad station in the report.

*538       V. Sladic, On General Strategy and Methods of Serbian Aggression on Croatia in 1991 (selection of topics from the project papers), IHRLI Doc. No. 54624.

*539       See Annex VIII, Prison Camps, paragraphs 2745-2807, for a discussion of identified detention facilities in Vlasenica.

*540       Declassified Document No. 94-49, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 56476-56481.

*541       According to a witness, the ethnic distribution of the village of Vlasenica was 64 per cent Muslim and 36 per cent Serbian. Id.

*542       It is interesting to note that from April 1992, villagers who were spouses in mixed marriages were forced to «change,» according to one witness. Where a husband was Muslim and the wife was Serbian, the husband was reportedly killed and the wife and children forced to adopt the wife's Serb maiden name. Muslim wives of Serb husbands had to adopt a Serb first name, as did any children with non-Serb first names. Defense Debriefing Team, Summary No. 19 of Atrocity Information, Submission of the Government of the United Kingdom, 19 October 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 43262.

*543       The camp was reportedly in operation from May to October 1992, but was never officially recognized. Defense Debriefing Team, Summary No. 19 of Atrocity Information, Submission of the Government of the United Kingdom, 19 October 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 43258. The campsite consisted of two warehouses and one small building surrounded by barbed wire. All of the prisoners were kept in one warehouse. The structure was said to be seven metres wide and 15 metres long. At full capacity, it could have held up to 560 prisoners. Declassified Document No. 94-49, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 56478.

*544       Many of the prisoners of Susica Camp were transferred to the camp at Batkovic in June of 1992. Defence Debriefing Team, Summary No. 19 of Atrocity Information, Submission of the Government of the United Kingdom, 19 October 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 43258.

*545       One report alleges that over 1000 prisoners have been executed at the camp. International Society for Human Rights, Report 3: Populations at Risk, August 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 11497.

*546       One former prisoner of the Susica Camp noted that when she escaped from the camp in September of 1992, there were still 180 prisoners at the camp, whom she believes have since been killed. Defense Debriefing Team, Summary No. 19 of Atrocity Information, Submission of the Government of the United Kingdom, 19 October 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 43258.

*547       Id.

*548       The Serb guards were identified in the report, but their names are redacted here.

*549       According to the refugee interviewed by the State Department, the two men who assisted with the burial were still in detention as of February 1993. Declassified Document No. 94-49, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 56480.

*550       For a discussion of detention facilities in Vukovar, see Annex VIII, Prison Camps, paragraphs 3272-3361. Activity of paramilitary groups operating in the region is discussed in Annex III.A, Special Forces, paragraphs 653-679.

*551       Society of Croatian Professional Women, Testimony of [Witness], Testimonies Regarding Alleged War Crimes and Violations of International Humanitarian Law, 10 March 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 6348-6352.

*552       DIMH, Chapter 10 - Vukovar: Symbol of Croatian Resistance to Aggression, 10 April 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 26487-26488.

*553       Z. Separovic, Documenta Croatica: On Croatian History and Identity and the War Against Croatia (2d rev. ed. 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 14934.

*554       Croatian Red Cross, Report on Mass Graves In U.N. Sector East, 9 December 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 3993.

*555       Croatian Red Cross, Testimony by Gravediggers, 13 April 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 19590-19610.

*556       These two sources submitted nearly identical lists of mass graves. It could be that one relayed the information to the other, but both submitted the report independently.

*557       Presumably the cemetery was situated amidst heavy attacks by the Serbs, making it unsafe to transport bodies there. DIMH, Chapter 10: Vukovar, IHRLI Doc. No. 26487-26488.

*558       Croatian Red Cross, Testimony by Gravediggers, IHRLI Doc. No. 19590-19610.

*559       Chapter 10: Vukovar, IHRLI Doc. No. 26487-26488. The «Vukovar gravedigger» noted that 378 bodies were buried at the cemetery without identification. It is not clear whether Bosanac and the gravedigger are referring to the same group of individuals. It is not likely, since the Office of Burials for Vukovar attempted to register all dead persons until the last possible moment. Testimony by Gravediggers, IHRLI Doc. No. 19590-19610.

*560       The ZNG member is alleged to have killed three Serbs who he then threw into the Danube, as well as killing 27 Serbs on the banks of the Danube near the Borovo Company. Criminal Acts and Perpetrators of Criminal Acts Against Humanity and International Law Committed Before and During Armed Conflicts in Vukovar and its Surroundings, Submission of the Government of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia to the United Nations (21 June 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 23440.

*561       Id., IHRLI Doc. No. 23425.

*562       Croatian Red Cross, Report on Mass Graves In U.N. Sector East, 9 December 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 3993.

*563       Society of Croatian Professional Women, Testimony of [Witness], Testimonies Regarding Allegations of War Crimes and Violations of International Humanitarian Law, 10 March 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 7348-7352; see also Chapter 10: Vukovar, IHRLI Doc. No. 26487- 26488.

*564       Supplement 8, Criminal Offenses For Which Collection of Evidence Material is in Progress, Submission of the Government of the Republic of Croatia to the United Nations, 6 November 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 2876.

*565       Testimony By Gravediggers, IHRLI Doc. No. 19590-19610.

*566       One former Velepromet prisoner said the regular army treated the prisoners correctly. Croatian Information Centre, Statement of [Witness], 22 April 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 36175-36180.

*567       The Croatian Government was one entity listing the brickyard as a site of a mass killing. Report on Mass Graves in U.N. Sector East, Submission of the Government of the Republic of Croatia to the United Nations, IHRLI Doc. No. 3993-3994.

*568       Croatian Information Centre, Statement of [Witness], IHRLI Doc. No. 36175-36180; see also War Crimes and Grave Breaches of Geneva Conventions Committed by Serbian Paramilitary Forces in UNPAs in the Republic of Croatia Testimony VU-VP-692, Submission of the Government of the Republic of Croatia to the United Nations (6 April 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 36732.

*569       Id.

*570       For example, one gravedigger said bodies of people killed at night at Velepromet were taken to Negoslavci to be buried. Testimony of Gravediggers, IHRLI Doc. No. 19590-19610.

*571       Report on Mass Graves in UN Sector East, Croatian Submission, U.N. Doc No. S/25129, IHRLI Doc. No. 4934.

*572       Testimony by Gravediggers, IHRLI Doc. No. 19590-19610.

*573       The Croatian Government alleged that 300 persons were buried at the railway station. While the brickyard sites are near the railway station, it is unclear if the report meant to refer to the brickyard. Supplement 8, Criminal Offenses, IHRLI Doc. No. 2876.

*574       All information in this section taken from T. Opsahl, Opsahl Report on Mission to Zagreb 11-14 August 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 35335.

*575       Supplement 8 - Criminal Offenses, see also Croatian Red Cross, Report on Mass Graves in Sector East, IHRLI Doc. No. 3993-3994.

*576       It is possible that the site was bulldozed over to hide evidence of a mass killing; however, no other report notes the existence of this grave. Society of Croatian Professional Women, Testimony of [Witness], Testimonies Regarding Allegations of War Crimes and Violations of International Humanitarian Law, 10 March 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 6348-6352.

*577       Chapter 10: Vukovar, IHRLI Doc. No. 26487-26488.

*578       Z. Separovic, Documenta Croatica, IHRLI Doc. No. 14934.

*579       Testimony by Gravediggers, IHRLI Doc. No. 19590-19610.

*580       Supplement 8, Criminal Offenses, IHRLI Doc. No. 2876.

*581       Testimony VU-VP-692, IHRLI Doc. No. 36732.

*582       Witness stated that two men gave him his burial orders. They also had lists of where people were buried and sometimes these corpses were dug up. This would comport with other accounts of JNA personnel exhuming bodies for proper identification and autopsy. Id.

*583       Report on Evacuation of the Vukovar Hospital and the Mass Grave at Ovcara, United Nations Commission of Experts Established Pursuant to Security Council Resolution 780 (1993). For detailed information regarding the preliminary site exploration conducted at Ovcara, see Physicians for Human Rights, Reports of Preliminary Site Exploration of a Mass Grave Near Vukovar, Former Yugoslavia and Appendices A-D (19 January 1993).

*584       Unless otherwise noted, the following information can be found in William J. Fenrick, Report Concerning On-Site Investigations in Croatia - October-November 1993, February 1994, IHRLI Doc. No. 62423-62438.

*585       Physicians for Human Rights, Report of a Second Site Exploration of a Mass Grave Near Vukovar, Former Yugoslavia, 10 January 1994, IHRLI Doc. No. 62576-62591.

*586       For additional information regarding the second site exploration, see Team Leader's Report, Canadian War Crimes Investigation Team: Ovcara, Packrac, Dubrovnik and Medac Projects, IHRLI Doc. No. 62439-62444 and Murray-Ford and McComb, Report of Investigative Activity to the United Nations Commission of Experts: Ovcara, 7 December 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 62573-62575.

*587       The following background information is taken from Society of Croatian Professional Women, Statement of [Witness], Testimonies Regarding Allegations of War Crimes and Violations of International Humanitarian Law, 10 March 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 7380; Testimony Lov-628, War Crimes and Grave Breaches of Geneva Conventions Committed by Serbian Paramilitary Forces in UNPAs in the Republic of Croatia, 6 September 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 36735.

*588       A camp was set up at the cooperative in the centre of the village, where people were detained and beaten.

*589       S.P. was the person responsible for identification of the bodies, while B.F., J.R., J.B., F.P. and D.R. loaded the bodies.

*590       The witness identified five individuals who were put into body bags and buried in the canal. Others were covered with blankets or tablecloths. Testimony Lov-628, IHRLI Doc. No. 36735.

*591       Society of Croatian Professional Women, Statement of [Witness], IHRLI Doc. No. 7380.

*592       Croatian Red Cross, Report on Mass Graves in UN Sector East, IHRLI Doc. No. 3993-3994.

*593       UNCIVPOL, UNCIVPOL Memo Re: Possible Mass Graves in Sector East, IHRLI Doc. No. 3983-3985.

*594       Morris Tidball Binz, Forensic Report on Preliminary Investigations of Mass Graves in the Former Yugoslavia, 11 January 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 18996-18999 (with accompanying photographs and illustrations).

*595       Id.

*596       On General Strategies and Methods of Serb Aggression in Croatia in 1991, IHRLI Doc. No. 54623.

*597       It is possible that «Kakobovac» is a misspelling, and the report actually refers to Jakobovac, discussed above. Declassified Document No. 94-96, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 56624- 56628.

*598       All information in this section taken from DIMH, Testimony BEK- 189, 24 June 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 4938.

*599       Croatian Red Cross, Report on Mass Graves in Sector East, IHRLI Doc. No. 3992-3994.

*600       Names of victims have been redacted from this document. Report on Mass Graves In UN Sector East, Croatian Submission, IHRLI Doc. No. 4935.

*601       Croatian Mission, Report on Mass Graves in UNPROFOR Sector East, Press Release from the Croatian Government, 20 January 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 5490.

*602       The fourth grave may be located behind houses in Tovarnik in the direction of Sid. On General Strategies and Methods of Aggression On Croatia In 1991, IHRLI Doc. No. 54617.

*603       The names of some of the victims were provided in the report, but have been redacted here.

*604       Five other individuals were also buried in this grave. Croatian Information Centre, Weekly Bulletin No. 14, 14 November 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 47018.

*605       This account suggests that the 24 persons buried in one day were placed in the grave at the cemetery. Croatian Information Centre, Crimes Committed by Military and Paramilitary Formations Against Croatian Population of Tovarnik Between 20 September and the End of December 1991, IHRLI Doc. No. 11691.

*606       UN Centre for Human Rights, Field Operations in Zagreb, Report on Mission to Central Bosnia (4 October 1993) (hereinafter UN Central Bosnia Report), IHRLI Doc. No. 40146.

*607       Id., IHRLI Doc. No. 40145.

*608       Id. The exact number of Croats killed varies from account to account. For example, ECMM reported 30-40 Croats killed. ECMM, ECMM Humanitarian Activity Report No. 35, 29 August - 4 September 1993, at 3-4 (hereinafter ECMM Report No. 35), IHRLI Doc. No. 38406-38407.

*609       UN Central Bosnia Report, IHRLI Doc. No. 40146.

*610       Id.

*611       The reports are unclear as to whether the village of Maljina is located in Zenica or the neighboring county of Travnik.

*612       UN Central Bosnia Report, IHRLI Doc. No. 40145.

*613       Id.

*614       Id.

*615       Id. ECMM reported that the Deputy Commander admitted that there were three mass graves containing a total of 30 bodies, all of which were HVO soldiers killed in battle. ECMM Report No. 35, IHRLI Doc. No. 38406-38407.

*616       UN Central Bosnia Report, IHRLI Doc. No. 40146.

*617       Id. The priest argued that the existence of a third grave supported information regarding six Croats from Maljina who were still missing. Id.

*618       Id., IHRLI Doc. No. 40147-40148.

*619       Id., IHRLI Doc. No. 40148.

*620       Id.

*621       Id.

*622       Id., IHRLI Doc. No. 40148-40149.

*623       Id., IHRLI Doc. No. 40149.

*624       Id.

*625       ECMM Humanitarian Activity Report No. 43, 24-30 October 1993, at 20, IHRLI Doc. No. 47044.

*626       Id.

*627       Hina English Digest Report, Mostar, 5 August 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 41226.

*628       Id.

*629       A detailed discussion of identified detention facilities in Zvornik can be found at Annex VIII, Prison Camps, paragraphs 2847-2912. Paramilitary groups operating in the county are discussed in Annex III.A, Special Forces, paragraphs 566-595.

*630       A Bosnian refugee who was interviewed by the US State Department estimated the percentage of Muslims as 70 per cent, with a 27 per cent Serb population. Declassified Document No. 94-380, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 62859-62863.

*631       Declassified Document No. 94-214, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 57030-57031.

*632       «Arkan» is the alias for Zeljko Raznjatovic, leader of the «Tigers», and Vojislav Seselj is the leader of the «Beli Orlovi» or «White Eagles». Both the Tigers and White Eagles are Serbian paramilitary forces.

*633       Declassified Document No. 94-60, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 56516-56518.

*634       Declassified Document No. 94-380, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 62859-62863.

*635       Karakaj is the industrial section of Zvornik.

*636       Declassified Document No. 94-60, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 56516-56518.

*637       One official report alleged that a total of 10 mass graves had been identified in the Zvornik county by the end of 1992, but provided no specific locations. An official source, IHRLI Doc. No. 18994.

*638       Many Muslims killed in the siege of Zvornik were later found floating in the Drina River. Some of the bodies had their throats cut and black Muslim berets nailed to their heads. Declassified Document No. 94-11, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 56352-56356.

*639       The name of the cemetery actually varies from report to report. Variations include Kazambase, Kazan Basta and Kazambasca.

*640       One report places the cemetery as south-west of Zvornik. Declassified Document No. 94-380, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 62859-62860.

*641       Declassified Document No.94-60, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 56516-56519.

*642       Id.

*643       Declassified Document No. 94-380, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 62859-62863.

*644       A Bosnian refugee, who was a lawyer from Zvornik, also speculated as to the existence of a mass grave at the cemetery, but could not substantiate the allegation. Declassified Document No. 94-214, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 57030-57031.

*645       Austrian Submission to the UN, 3 February 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 5814-5832. Another villager in Little Zvornik observed bulldozers digging on 22 June 1992, in the spots of the «old Muslim and Jewish cemeteries». Reportedly, the bodies buried in these spots were from Foca. Austrian Submission to the UN, 19 April 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 18206.

*646       Declassified Document No. 94-11, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 56352-56356.

*647       The boys had been forced to accompany the Chetniks into town, where they removed valuables from Muslim houses and loaded them into vehicles.

*648       It is unclear whether these 600 bodies were the same as those taken from the Celopek and Divic camps.

*649       The cemetery is bordered on the south-east by a gypsy settlement, on the north-east by the Metereze settlement and on the north-west by a wooded hill. Declassified Document No. 94- 60, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 56516-56519.

*650       Council of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, Testimony X, Testimonies on Serbian Killing of Civilians in Bosnia-Herzegovina Outside a Combat Context.

*651       Declassified Document No. 94-56, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 56503-56504.

*652       The term «slaughterhouse» as used here is not pejorative. Karakaj is an industrial complex, and one of the structures in the complex was a slaughterhouse.

*653       Declassified Document No. 94-361, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 62802-62803.

*654       It is unclear whether the gravel pits near Celopek and the quarry at Ravnaje are the same location. Declassified Document No. 94-214, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 57030-57031.

*655       Declassified Document No. 94-133, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 56747-56749.

*656       Declassified Document No. 94-361, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 62802-62803.

*657       Declassified Document No. 94-133, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 56747-56749.

*658       Declassified Document No. 94-365, US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 62812-62813.

*659       Fourth Submission of the United States to the United Nations, 8 December 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 3170.

*660       Submission of the Austrian Government to the United Nations, 3 February 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 5820. This allegation is corroborated by a refugee from the Zvornik area. Declassified Document No. 94-214, US State Department, IHRLI Doc. No. 57030- 57031.

*661       Submission of the Austrian Government to the United Nations, 3 February 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 5820.