*1 These interviews reflect the best efforts of the Commission with the limited time and resources available. When the Commission's mandate ended, it was receiving an average of fifteen wintess calls per day. Because the mandate ended, these people were unable to give statements. Further, the field investigation itself is not complete. The Commission would have worked in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia had there been time and resources. Additionally, the investigation would have covered those countries with concentrations of refugees. In fact, the government of Turkey had invited the Commission to interview refugees there. There are about 18,000 refugees in Turkey. Thus, this report does not have the full picture and can not purport to describe the full extent of sexual violence in the former Yugoslavia. For more information on the Commission's field investigation, see Annex IX.A.
*2 The cases from Sweden and Austria were not entered into the database nor were they considered as part of the database study based on concerns for confidentiality.
*3 Investigations have been conducted by innumerable journalists, nongovernmental organizations such as Amnesty International, Equality Now, Helsinki Watch, the World Council of Churches, and intergovernmental organizations such as the European Community. Danish Mission, «Annex I: European Community Investigative Mission into the Treatment of Muslim Women in the Former Yugoslavia», Submission to the United Nations Security Council, U.N. Doc. S/25240 (3 February 1993). Within the United Nations a mission was carried out in January 1993 by medical experts working under the mandate of the Commission on Human Right's Special Rapporteur on the Human Rights situation in the former Yugoslavia. Tadeusz Mazowiecki, Special Rapporteur to the Commission on Human Rights, Report of the Team of Experts on Their Mission to Investigate Allegations of Rape in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia U.N. Doc. E/CN.4/1993/50 (10 February 1993). See also Secretary General, Report on Rape and the Abuse of Women in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia, U.N. Doc. E/CN.4/1994/5 (30 June 1993). Several groups have also submitted recommendations for assisting the victims of rape and sexual assault and ensuring accountability for perpetrators. See e.g., «The Center for Reproductive Law and Policy», Meeting the Health Needs of Women Survivors of the Balkan Conflict (1993); «International Human Rights Law Group», No Justice, No Peace: Accountability for Rape and Gender-Based Violence in the Former Yugoslavia (June 1993).
*4 Examples of this type of allegation are, «20,000 women have been raped». These allegations are so general that they provide no useful information for analysis. This particular allegation comes from the European Community Delegation, headed by Dame Anne Warburton, and including Madame Simone Veil among others. This mission investigated only Muslim allegations of rape and sexual assault. The investigators spoke to few direct witnesses or victims, but concluded that the most reasoned estimate of the number of Bosnian Muslim victims of rape was 20,000. The investigators gave no reasons for their arrival at this figure and offered no evidence for its accuracy. Danish Mission, «Annex I: European Community Investigative Mission into the Treatment of Muslim Women in the Former Yugoslavia», Submission to the United Nations Security Council, U.N. Doc. S/25240 (3 February 1993). Within the United Nations a mission was carried out in January 1993 by medical experts working under the mandate of the Commission on Human Right's Special Rapporteur on the Human Rights situation in the former Yugoslavia. The team of experts discovered 119 documented cases of pregnancy resulting from rape. They stated that medical studies suggest that one in every 100 incidents of rape results in pregnancy. Thus, the 119 cases were likely to represent about 12,000 cases of rape. This number is not exact, however, given the number of victims who reported that they experienced multiple rapes, and was put forward only as a guide to the general scale of the problem. Tadeusz Mazowiecki, Special Rapporteur to the Commission on Human Rights, Report of the Team of Experts on Their Mission to Investigate Allegations of Rape in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia U.N. Doc. E/CN.4/1993/50 (10 February 1993).
*5 Many victims are referred to using a code number created by the submitting source, initials, or a pseudonym.
*6 Some of these victims are referred to either by first name, description, or some other way such as, «there were six other women in the room».
*7 These reports identified generically that women were raped in a particular location. Though such allegations are very general, they provide enough information that they corroborate other accounts. Thus they were worthy of being included in the study.
*8 These reports referred to the class of perpetrators by military affiliation, ethnic affiliation, or as «they». Some of the reports did not mention the perpetrators at all but stated «x was raped» in a certain location on a certain date.
*9 Many fear that expatriate fighters, members of Special Forces and mercenaries may reach them in states where the victims have taken refuge. For a detailed discussion of military formations, see Annex III. For a detailed analysis of paramilitary formations, see Annex III.A.
*10 Additionally, many women have received support from victim's organizations, women's organizations, and «Home Clubs». In fact, for really the first time, there is a sort of women's solidarity movement, worldwide, but especially in the former Yugoslavia and states housing refugees. This solidarity movement brings a great deal of support for victims of rape and sexual assault.
*11 Most rapes and sexual assault allegedly occurred in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY) and Croatia in the later part of 1991. In BiH, most alleged rapes and sexual assaults occurred in the middle to late part of 1992.
*12 Though some level of custody of the victim is required to commit rape and sexual assault, the definition of custody used by the study was more technical. Much like the American definition of kidnapping, custody for the purposes of the study required some control over the victim for a period of time and to an extent greater than that involved in committing the offence. Therefore, a victim who was kidnapped, taken to a site, raped and sexually assaulted for a period of hours and then released or abandoned was not raped and sexually assaulted in a custodial setting. If the victim was taken from a detention center, or kept for a period of days or longer, the rape and sexual assault would have occurred in a custodial setting.
*13 In the context of this conflict, the different ethnic groups have different religions, therefore ethnicity in this case has a religious component. Thus, the term «ethnic cleansing» means the attempt to remove an ethnic or religious group from a given area.
*14 There are alternative spellings for BiH. Submitting sources use both spellings, so, in citations, the country is spelled as the submitter spelled it. To avoid the inconsistency in the text, BiH is used.
*15 With this pattern there is evidence that the key motivation for the alleged perpetrators is access to the victims, rather than a direct order to commit the rapes and sexual assaults. That is not to say that the pattern is inconsistent with such an order, rather, the evidence suggests access was the key.
*16 There is little evidence that men were held for the purpose of sexual assault.
*17 These are often called «bordellos», and there is no evidence that men were held for the same purposes. These differ from the previous category because they seem to be organized for the purposes of supplying sexual gratification for men, rather than for the purpose of punishing the detainees.
*18 See generally, Yugoslav Mission, Memorandum on War Crimes and Crimes of Genocide Committed Against the Serbian People in the area of the Former Commune of Odzak by Ustashi-Fundamentalist Paramilitary Formations and Members of the National Guard of the Republic of Croatia, U.N. Docs. A/48/299, S/26261 (6 August 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 36439-366
*19 See paragraphs 172-189 on Prijedor for more information. See also Annex V on the Prijedor area.
*20 See paragraphs 47-60 on Bosanski Brod and Odzak for more information.
*21 See paragraphs 128-129 on Gorazde for more information.
*22 For a discussion of forced impregnation as a war crime separate from rape, see Anne Tierney Goldstein, The Center For Reproductive Law and Policy, Recognizing Forced Impregnation as a War Crime Under International Law (1993). These pregnancy- oriented components were not always present. Sometimes other factors that heightened the humiliation were present. An example of this is the camp at Veljko Vlahovic in Rogatica, where girls were repeatedly raped and sexually assaulted in front of each other, forced to drink alcohol, sit on mines, jump out of windows, etc. See paragraphs 190-199 on Rogatica for more information.
*23 See paragraphs 90-100 on Doboj for more information.
*24 See paragraphs 144-147 on Konjic for more information.
*25 See paragraphs 155-167 on Mostar and Capljina for more information.
*26 Civilians also frequented these sites and used and abused the women held there.
*27 These feelings were described by many of the victims whose accounts were included in this study.
*28 The next greatest percentage of alleged perpetrators is «unknown». See paragraph 3 for the ethnic breakdown of detention sites.
*29 Rape and sexual assault should be examined in the context of the practice of ethnic cleansing discussed in Annex IV and the practices in concentration camps discussed in Annexes V and VIII.
*30 There were several camps located in this county. For more information, see the report on Prison Camps, Annex VIII, paragraphs 251 through 436.
*31 This background information is from Helsinki Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina Volume II 49 (18 April 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 9339.
*32 United States Mission, Second Submission to the United Nations Security Council U.N. Doc. S/24705 (22 October 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 125; Amnesty International, Urgent Action, 2 March 1993, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 34999-35000; United Kingdom, Defence Debriefing Team, Summary of Atrocities Information, IHRLI Doc. No. 43314; Roy Gutman, «Atrocities Rage Anew in Bosnia,» Newsday, 29 September 1993, at 6, 16, IHRLI Doc. No. 35961; Helsinki Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia-Herzegovina Volume II (18 April 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 9471; The Riyasat, 28 September 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 34882.
*33 United States Mission, Second Submission to the United Nations Security Council, U.N. Doc. S/24705 (22 October 1992), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 118, 35570, 125 (two reports); Amnesty International, Urgent Action, 2 March 1993, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 34999-35000; Roy Gutman, «Atrocities Rage Anew in Bosnia», Newsday, 29 September 1993, at 6, 16, IHRLI Doc. No. 35961.
*34 United States Mission, Second Submission to the United Nations Security Council, U.N. Doc. S/24705 (22 October 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 118, 35570.
*35 Amnesty International, Urgent Action, 2 March 1993, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 34999-35000.
*36 Roy Gutman, «Atrocities Rage Anew in Bosnia,» Newsday, 29 September 1993, at 6, 16, IHRLI Doc. No. 35961.
*37 Amnesty International, Urgent Action, 2 March 1993, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 34999-35000.
*38 Roy Gutman, «Atrocities Rage Anew in Bosnia», Newsday, 29 September 1993, at 6, 16, IHRLI Doc. No. 35961.
*39 Helsinki Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina Volume II 133 (18 April 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 9423.
*40 Helsinki Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina Volume II 181 (18 April 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 9471.
*41 Croatian Mission, Submission to the United Nations, U.N. Doc. S/25082 (9 January 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 4621.
*42 This report does not state that the women were interned at Manjaca camp, however, it is another example of the forced movement of the population. The Riyasat, 28 September 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 34882.
*43 United States Mission, Second Submission to the United Nations Security Council, U.N. Doc. S/24705 (22 October 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 125.
*44 Id., IHRLI Doc. Nos. 118, 35570.
*45 United Kingdom, Defence Debriefing Team, Summary of Atrocities Information, IHRLI Doc. No. 43314 (stating that Muslim men were forced to rape females as young as 15 and in one case, a 14 year old boy was forced to rape a 60 year old woman); Populations at Risk (International Society for Human Rights, August 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 9256 (stating that camp guards raped girls as young as 13).
*46 Tresnjevka, A List of Rape/Death Camps in Bosnia-Herzegovina (28 September 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 6599.
*47 There were several camps located in this county. For more information, see the report on Prison Camps, Annex VIII, paragraphs 437 through 461.
*48 BiH, Report of Crimes Committed Against Humanity and the International Law and of Concentration Camps Formed by the Aggressor on Bosnia and Herzegovina (August 1992); French Mission, Supplementary Report to Security Council, U.N. Doc. S/24768 (5 November 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 1326-1335.
*49 BiH, Report of Crimes Committed Against Humanity and the International Law and of Concentration Camps Formed by the Aggressor on Bosnia and Herzegovina (August 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 3318.
*50 Yugoslav Mission, «Brothels with Serb Women established by Muslim and Croatian Forces», Submission to the United Nations Secretary General, U.N. Doc., A/47/813, S/24991 (18 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 3116-3117, 4800.
*51 Nikola Marinovic, Stories from Hell (1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 21046.
*52 United Kingdom, Defence Debriefing Team, Summary of Atrocity Information, IHRLI Doc. No. 43297.
*53 United States State Department, Submission to the Commission of Experts, Cases 94-1 to 94-276, Case 94-160, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 56826- 56829.
*54 ECMM, Report of Team B3 about Humanitarian and Military Situation in Bijeljina and Brcko (13 to 15 March 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 19167.
*55 Amnesty International, Urgent Action, 11 February 1993, at 1, IHRLI Doc. No. 34997-34998.
*56 An official source, IHRLI Doc. No. 38307.
*57 ECMM, Report of Team B3 about Humanitarian and Military Situation in Bijeljina and Brcko (13 to 15 March 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 19167.
*58 Tresnjevka, A List of Rape/Death Camps in Bosnia Herzegovina (28 September 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 6599.
*59 Tresnjevka, A List of Rape/Death Camps in Bosnia-Hercegovina (28 September 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 6599. The French government also gives Petkovici as the location of a detention center where it is believed that women are held and raped. French Mission, Supplementary Report to the United Nations Security Council, U.N. Doc. S/24768 (5 November 1992), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 1331-1332.
*60 United Kingdom, Defence Debriefing Team, Summary of Atrocities Information, IHRLI Doc. No. 43318.
*61 United States State Department, Submission to the Commission of Experts, Cases 94-1 to 94-276, Case 94-160, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 56826- 56829.
*62 Amnesty International, Urgent Action, 11 February 1993, at 1, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 34997-34998.
*63 Letter from Sulejman Pilakovic, Head of the Municipal Assembly of Bijeljina and Janja, Bosnia-Herzegovina to Boutros Boutros- Ghali, the Secretary General of the United Nations (7 February 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 12683-12685.
*64 ECMM, Report of Team B3 about Humanitarian Aid and Military Situation in Bijeljina and Brcko (13 to 15 March 1993).
*65 United States State Department, Submission to the Commission of Experts, Cases 94-1 to 94-276, Case 94-160, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 56826- 56829.
*66 There were several camps located in this county. For more information, see the report on Prison Camps, Annex VIII, paragraphs 564 through 569.
*67 BiH, State Commission on War Crimes, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population, case 725/92 (29 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 13130; BiH, State Commission for War Crimes, Statements Pertinent to the Events Taking Place in the Town of Bosanska Dubica, case 125/1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 34700.
*68 BiH, State Commission on War Crimes, Statements Pertinent to the Events Taking Place in the Town of Bosanska Dubica, case 125/1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 34700.
*69 French Mission, Supplementary Report to the United Nations Security Council, U.N. Doc. S/24768 (5 November 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 1331-1332; Ethnic Cleansing, Genocide for Greater Serbia (Tilman Zulch ed., undated), IHRLI Doc. No. 14477.
*70 Ethnic Cleansing, Genocide for Greater Serbia (Tilman Zulch ed., undated), IHRLI Doc. No. 14477.
*71 There were several camps located in this county. For more information, see the report on Prison Camps, Annex VIII, paragraphs 570 through 587.
*72 Tadeusz Mazowiecki, Special Rapporteur of the Commission on Human Rights, Fifth Periodic Report on the Situation of Human Rights in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia, U.N. Doc. E/CN.4/1994/47 (17 November 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 52411; An official source, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 34329, 34334-34335.
*73 An official source, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 34334-34335.
*74 Tadeusz Mazowiecki, Special Rapporteur of the Commission on Human Rights, Fifth Periodic Report on the Situation of Human Rights in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia, U.N. Doc. E/CN.4/1994/47 (17 November 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 52411; An official source, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 34329, 34334-34335.
*75 Tadeusz Mazowiecki, Special Rapporteur of the Commission on Human Rights, Fifth Periodic Report on the Situation of Human Rights in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia, U.N. Doc. E/CN.4/1994/47 (17 November 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 52411; An official source, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 34329, 34334-34335.
*76 An official source, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 34334-34335.
*77 Tadeusz Mazowiecki, Fifth Periodic Report on the Situation of Human Rights in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia, U.N. Doc. E/CN.4/1994/47 (17 November 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 52404.
*78 There were several camps located in this county. For more information, see the report on Prison Camps, Annex VIII, paragraphs 588 through 604.
*79 Tresnjevka, A List of Rape/Death Camps in Bosnia-Hercegovina (28 September 1992), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 6599-6600; BiH, State Commission for War Crimes, Report of Crimes Committed Against Humanity and the International Law and of Concentration Camps formed by the Aggressor in Bosnia and Herzegovina (August 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 3318; French Mission, Supplementary Report to the United Nations Security Council, U.N. Doc. S/24768 (5 November 1992), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 1331-1332.
*80 BiH, State Commission for War Crimes, Report of Crimes Committed Against Humanity and the International Law and of Concentration Camps formed by the Aggressor in Bosnia and Herzegovina (August 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 3318; BiH, State Commission for War Crimes, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population, case 861/92 (29 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 13131.
*81 There were several camps located in these counties. For more information, see the report on Prison Camps, Annex VIII, paragraphs 605 through 628 and paragraphs 1478 through 1506.
*82 According to the 1991 census, population figures and ethnicity percentages prior to fighting were as follows: Bosanski Brod, 33,962 (41 per cent Croat, 33.8 per cent Serb, 12.2 per cent Muslim, 10.6 per cent Yugoslav, and 2.4 per cent other); Odzak, 30,651 (54.2 per cent Croat, 20.3 per cent Muslim, 19.8 per cent Serb, and 5.7 per cent other); Slavonski Brod, Croatia, 113,551 (85.2 per cent Croat, 6.5 per cent Serb, 2.9 per cent Yugoslav, and 5.4 per cent other).
*83 This background information is taken from a Yugoslav Government report prepared for the United Nations Commission on Human Rights. State Commission on War Crimes, Memorandum on the Crimes of Rape of Children, Girls, Women of Serbian Nationality in the Bosnia-Hercegovina Village of Novi Grad-Commune of Odzak, in Yugoslav Mission, «Crimes of Genocide», Submission to the United Nations Commission on Human Rights, U.N. Doc. E/CN.4.1993/86 (8 February 1993).
*84 One allegation describes incidents of rape and sexual assault in the county of Slavonski Brod, Croatia. In this instance, Serb and Muslim women were transported by Croatian soldiers to homes in Slavonski Brod for «use» by the Croatian Army. Yugoslav Mission, «Confession of [alleged perpetrator]», Submission to the United Nations Security Council in Compliance with Paragraph 5 of Resolution 771, (1992), U.N. Doc. A/47/813, S/24991 (18 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 4783, 4784, 5522.
*85 Yugoslav Mission, «Confession of [alleged perpetrator]», Submission to the United Nations Security Council, U.N. Doc. A/47/813, S/24991 (18 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 4783, 5522, 4784; Yugoslav Mission, «Report Submitted to the Commission of Experts Established Pursuant to Security Council Resolution 780 (1992)», Submission to the United Nations Security Council, U.N. Doc. S/24779 (November 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 1385.
*86 Yugoslav Mission, «Report Submitted to the Commission of Experts Established Pursuant to Security Council Resolution 780 (1992)», Submission to the United Nations Security Council, U.N. Doc. S/24779 (November 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 1385; Yugoslav Mission, «Memorandum on War Crimes and Crimes of Genocide Committed Against the Serbian People in the Area of the Former Commune of Odzak by Ustashi-Fundamentalist Paramilitary Formations and Members of the National Guard of the Republic of Croatia», Submission to the United Nations Security Council, U.N. Doc. A/48/299, S/26261 (6 August 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 36628-36629.
*87 The report states that she was held from 6 October 1992 until 28 June 1993, when she was exchanged. Croatia, Division of Information, Ministry of Health, SIL-1092, IHRLI Doc. No. 36716.
*88 Yugoslav Mission, «Confession of [alleged perpetrator]», Submission to the United Nations Security Council, U.N. Doc. A/47/813, S/24991 (18 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 4783, 4784, 5522.
*89 Yugoslav Mission, Submission to the United Nations Security Council, U.N. Doc. A/48/299 S/26261 (6 August 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 36525, 36594.
*90 Id., IHRLI Doc. No. 36530.
*91 Id., IHRLI Doc. No. 36463.
*92 Yugoslav Mission, «Memorandum on War Crimes and Crimes of Genocide Committed Against the Serbian People in the Area of the Former Commune of Odzak by Ustashi-Fundamentalist Paramilitary Formations and Members of the National Guard of the Republic of Croatia», Submission to the United Nations Security Council, U.N. Doc. A/48/299, S/26261 (6 August 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 36638- 36639, 36628-36629, 35535, 36607-36608.
*93 Yugoslav Mission, Submission to the United Nations Security Council, U.N. Doc. A/48/299 S/26261 (6 August 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 36534-36605; Yugoslav Mission, Submission to the United Nations Security Council, U.N. Doc. E/CN.4/1993/86 (29 January 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 12614.
*94 Yugoslav Mission, «Memorandum on War Crimes and Crimes of Genocide Committed Against the Serbian People in the Area of the Former Commune of Odzak by Ustasi-Fundamentalist Paramilitary Formations and Members of the National Guard of the Republic of Croatia», Submission to the United Nations Security Council, U.N. Doc. A/48/299, S/26261 (6 August 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 36637, 36611.
*95 Yugoslav Mission, «Memorandum on the Crimes of Rape of Children, Girls, and Women of Serbian Nationality in the Bosnian- Herzegovinan Village of Novi Grad--the Commune of Odzak», Submission to the United Nations Commission on Human Rights, U.N. Doc. E/CN. 4/1993/86 (29 January 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 12616; Helsinki Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina Volume II (18 April 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 9523-9525.
*96 IAGGFRY, Violations of the Human Rights of Women Including Violence Against them and Rape as a New Type of War Crime in Bosnia-Herzegovina and Croatia, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 21089-21120, 21099.
*97 Amnesty International, Bosnia-Herzegovina: Rape and Sexual Abuse by Armed Forces (1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 5521; Bosnia- Herzegovina: Gross Abuses of Basic Human Rights (October 1992), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 19913, 11932.
*98 Jon Dobinson, «Human Rights in the Former Yugoslav States», Report 3, August 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 9260.
*99 Amnesty International, Bosnia-Hercegovina: Rape and Sexual Abuse by Armed Forces (January 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 5519-5520; Amnesty International, Bosnia-Hercegovina: A Wound to the Soul (21 January 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 5631.
*100 There were several camps located in this county. For more information, see the report on Prison Camps, Annex VIII, paragraphs 659 through 693.
*101 Croatia, Division of Information, Ministry of Health, SIL- 430, IHRLI Doc. No. 4621.
*102 Roy Gutman, «Personal Account of Terror», Newsday, 3 August 1992, at 4, 13, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 7533-7535.
*103 There were several camps located in this county. For more information, see the report on Prison Camps, Annex VIII, paragraphs 694 through 710.
*104 United States State Department, Submission to the United Nations Commission of Experts, Cases 94-1 to 94-276, Case 94-185, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 56908-56910.
*105 United Kingdom, Defence Debriefing Team, Summary of Atrocity Information, IHRLI Doc. No. 43268.
*106 An official source, IHRLI Doc. No. 49527.
*107 There were several camps located in this county. For more information, see the report on Prison Camps, Annex VIII, paragraphs 711 through 865.
*108 United Kingdom, Defence Debriefing Team, Summary No. 17 of Atrocity Information, IHRLI Doc. No. 43254; An official source, IHRLI Doc. No. 34618; United States State Department, Submission to the United Nations Commission of Experts, Cases 94-1 to 94- 276, Case 94-223, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 57053-57058.
*109 United States Mission, Second Submission to the United Nations Security Council, U.N. Doc. S/24705 (22 October 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 124; James Bone, «US Reveals Catalogue of Bosnia Atrocities», The Times (London), 23 October 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 35570 (reporting contents of U.S. submission); United States Mission, Seventh Submission to the United Nations Security Council Pursuant to Paragraph 5 of Resolution 771 (1992), U.N. Doc. No. S/25586, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 11916-11917; United States Department of State, Report on the Serbian Takeover of Brcko, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 33761, 33760; BiH, Commission for the Protection of Human Freedoms and Rights, Aggression Against the Republic of Bosnia- Herzegovina Facts on the Effects (6 April 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 26694.
*110 United States State Department, Report on the Serbian Takeover of Brcko 2-4, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 33775-33776.
*111 United States State Department, Report on the Serbian Takeover of Brcko, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 33775-33776; United States State Department, Report on the Forced Conscription of Two Bosnian Serb Men into the Serbian Territorial Military Police Reserve Forces 2- 5, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 33779-33782.
*112 United States State Department, Report on the Serbian Takeover of Brcko, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 33775-33776.
*113 Id.
*114 Id.
*115 United States Mission, Seventh Submission to the United Nations Security Council Pursuant to Paragraph 5 of Resolution 771 (1992), U.N. Doc. S/25586, (12 April 1993) IHRLI Doc. Nos. 11931- 11932.
*116 Id.
*117 A refugee reported that during his detention at Luka, he witnessed 20 soldiers rape a woman in the presence of her child and other camp inmates. United States Mission, Second Submission to the United Nations Security Council, Pursuant to Paragraph 5 of Resolution 771 (1992), U.N. Doc. S/24705 (22 October 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 124; James Bone, «US Reveals Catalogue of Bosnia Atrocities», The Times (London), 23 October 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 35570 (reporting on contents of US submission).
*118 United States Mission, Seventh Submission to the United Nations Security Council Pursuant to Paragraph 5 of Resolution 771 (1992), U.N. Doc. S/25586 (12 April 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 11931- 11932.
*119 Id.
*120 UNESCO, Situations of Human Rights in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia, U.N. Doc. E/CN.4/1993/50, at 15 (10 February 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 18764.
*121 Croatia, Report on War Crimes and Grave Breeches of Geneva Conventions Committed by BiH Army and Muslim Paramilitary Forces Against the Croatian Civilian Population in Central Bosnia and Northern Herzegovina (3 September 1993) IHRLI Doc. No. 36710; Dinah Pokempner, Helsinki Watch, Field Notes (October 1992), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 35328-35329, 36710-36712.
*122 United States State Department, Report on the Forced Conscription of Two Bosnian Serb Men into the Serbian Territorial Military Police Reserve Forces 2-5, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 33779- 33782.
*123 The Riyasat, 28 September 1992, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 27501-27506; Tresnjevka, A List of Rape/Death Camps in Bosnia-Hercegovina (28 September 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 6599; BiH, State Commission for War Crimes, Testimony of [witness], IHRLI Doc. No. 18241; BiH, State Commission for War Crimes, Bulletin No. 2--Facts on War Crimes (February 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 13314-13316; Ethnic Cleansing, Genocide for Greater Serbia (Tilman Zulch ed., undated), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 14478-14479.
*124 French Mission, Supplementary Report to United Nations Security Council, U.N. Doc. S/24768 (5 November 1992), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 1331-1332.
*125 Roy Gutman, «Mass Rape,» Newsday 23 August 1992, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 7539-7542; United States Mission, Second Submission to the United Nations Security Council, U.N.Doc. S/24705, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 77- 79; Ethnic Cleansing, Genocide for Greater Serbia (Tilman Zulch ed., undated), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 14469-14471.
*126 See paragraphs 259-266 on Zvornik for a summary of this incident.
*127 BiH, State Commission for War Crimes, Testimony of [witness], IHRLI Doc. 6581-6583; BiH, Bulletin No. 2--Facts on War Crimes, IHRLI Doc. No. 13315 (reporting witness' testimony); Ethnic Cleansing, Genocide for Greater Serbia (Tilman Zulch ed., undated), IHRLI Doc. No. 14478-14479 (reporting witness' testimony).
*128 Tresnjevka, A List of Rape/Death Camps in Bosnia-Hercegovina (28 September 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 6599.
*129 Id.
*130 Id.
*131 United States State Department, Report on the Serbian Takeover of Brcko 62, IHRLI Doc. No. 33760.
*132 At Interpler, the former textile company, over 2,000 people were detained, mostly women. Reportedly some 1,000 women were subjected to repeated gang rape by men described only as «Cetniks». United States State Department, Report on the Serbian Takeover of Brcko 62, IHRLI Doc. No. 33760.
*133 Approximately 1,000 people were held at the Borovo Polje camp. Reports suggest that at one point some 150 girls, aged 12 and above, were raped by groups of thirty or more men at a time. United States State Department, Report on the Serbian Takeover of Brcko 63, IHRLI Doc. No. 33761.
*134 BiH, Commission for the Protection of Human Freedoms and Rights, Aggression Against the Republic of Bosnia-Herzegovina Facts on the Effects (6 April 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 26696, 26694.
*135 The Riyasat, 28 September 1992, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 27501-27506; Letter from Rasheeda Behlim to Commission of Experts (2 April 1992), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 9753, 34881.
*136 An official source, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 34333, 34337.
*137 Id.
*138 Id.
*139 Id.
*140 Id.
*141 United States State Department, Report on the Serbian Takeover of Brcko, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 33775-33776; United States State Department, Report on the Forced Conscription of Two Bosnian Serb Men into the Serbian Territorial Military Police Reserve Forces, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 33779-33782; United States State Department, Report on the Serbian Takeover of Brcko, IHRLI Doc. No. 33771; United Kingdom, Defence Debriefing Team, Summary No. 17 of Atrocity Information, IHRLI Doc. No. 43254; United States State Department, Submission to the Commission of Experts, Cases 94-1 to 94-276, Case 94-223, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 57053-57058; United States Mission, Seventh Submission to the United Nations Security Council, U.N. Doc. S/25586, (12 April 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 11931-11932; United States State Department, Submission to the United Nations Commission of Experts, Cases 94-1 to 94-276, Case 94-295, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 62639-62641; United States State Department, Submission to the United Nations Commission of Experts, Cases 94-1 to 94-276, Case 94-33, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 62717- 62718.
*142 There were several camps located in this county. For more information, see the report on Prison Camps, Annex VIII, paragraphs 866 through 877.
*143 «Lilies» are what people use to describe the fleurs-de-lis, which is the symbol of the government of BiH.
*144 Yugoslav Mission, «Deposition of [victim]», Submission to the United Nations Security Council, U.N. Doc. A/47/813, S/24991 (18 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 5063-5064.
*145 Case file of Dr. Sanda Kaskovic, Clinic for Obstetrics and Gynecology in Belgrade, File # 17 887, IHRLI Doc. No. 5122.
*146 There were several camps located in this county. For more information, see the report on Prison Camps, Annex VIII, paragraphs 878 through 896.
*147 Tadeusz Mazowiecki, Special Rapporteur of the Commission on Human Rights, Fifth Periodic Report on the Situation of Human Rights in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia, U.N. Doc. E/CN.4/1994/47 (17 November 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 52404.
*148 Based on the population figures, this is probably referring only to Bosnian Croat civilians.
*149 UN Center for Human Rights, Report from Field Office of Zagreb, 4 October 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 40231-40232.
*150 Id.
*151 Id.
*152 ECMM, Humanitarian Activity Report No. 33, August 15 - August 22, 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 34574.
*153 An official source, IHRLI Doc. No. 55841.
*154 Nikola Marinovic, Stories from Hell (1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 21044.
*155 Yugoslav Mission, Submission to the United Nations Security Council, U.N. Doc. A/47/813, S/24991 (18 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 4800.
*156 There were several camps located in this county. For more information, see the report on Prison Camps, Annex VIII, paragraphs 897 through 901.
*157 ECMM, Report on Inter-Ethnic Violence in Vitez, Busovaca, and Zenica April 1993, H/S 720, (15 May 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 29094- 29096.
*158 UN Center for Human Rights, Report from Field Office in Zagreb, 4 October 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 40229.
*159 Nikola Marinovic, Stories from Hell (1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 21048.
*160 There were several camps located in this county. For more information, see the report on Prison Camps, Annex VIII, paragraphs 902 through 910.
*161 BiH, Ministry of Internal Affairs, case 1272/92, IHRLI Doc. No. 27759, 13131.
*162 BiH, State Commission for War Crimes, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population, Case 719/92 (29 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 13127.
*163 Ethnic Cleansing, Genocide for Greater Serbia (Tilman Zulch ed., undated), IHRLI Doc. No. 14481.
*164 There were several camps located in this county. For more information, see the report on Prison Camps, Annex VIII, paragraphs 975 through 1020.
*165 Helsinki Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina Volume II (18 April 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 9507-9512; Jeri Laber, «Bosnia: Questions About Rape», The New York Review of Books, 25 March 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 19913 (based on testimonies gathered by Helsinki Watch and the Women's Rights Project).
*166 George Rodrigue, «Politics of Rape», Dallas Morning News, 5 May 1993, at 1A.
*167 Slavenka Drakulic, «Rape After Rape After Rape», New York Times, 13 December 1992, § 4, at 17, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 35582-35583; United States Mission, Fifth Submission to the United Nations Security Council Pursuant to Paragraph 5, Resolution 771 (1992), U.N. Doc. S/25171 (18 January 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 5849 (relying on the Drakulic article).
*168 United States Mission, Sixth Submission of Information to the United Nations Security Council in Accordance with Paragraph 5 of Resolution 771 (1992) (1 March 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 11901.
*169 Notes from an interview taken by George Rodrigue, Dallas Morning News, 9 November 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 39243A.
*170 Helsinki Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina Volume II (18 April 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 9507-9512; Jeri Laber, «Bosnia: Questions About Rape», The New York Review of Books, 25 March 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 19913 (based on testimonies gathered by Helsinki Watch and the Women's Rights Project).
*171 United States Mission, Sixth Submission of Information to the United Nations Security Council in Accordance with Paragraph 5 of Resolution 771 (1992) (1 March 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 11901.
*172 Helsinki Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina Volume II (18 April 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 9507-9512; Jeri Laber, «Bosnia: Questions About Rape», The New York Review of Books, 25 March 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 19913 (based on testimonies gathered by Helsinki Watch and the Women's Rights Project); Slavenka Drakulic, «Rape After Rape After Rape», New York Times, 13 December 1992, §4, at 17, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 35582-35583; United States Mission, Fifth Submission to the United Nations Security Council Pursuant to Paragraph 5, Resolution 771 (1992), U.N. Doc. S/25171 (18 January 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 5849 (relying on the Drakulic article); United States Mission, Sixth Submission of Information to the United Nations Security Council in Accordance with Paragraph 5 of Resolution 771 (1992) (1 March 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 11901; George Rodrigue, Untitled Article, Dallas Morning News, 11 November 1992, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 39937A-39342A; George Rodrigue, Notes from an interview, 9 November 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 39243A.
*173 Helsinki Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina Volume II (18 April 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 9507-9512; Jeri Laber, «Bosnia: Questions About Rape», The New York Review of Books, 25 March 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 19913 (based on testimonies gathered by Helsinki Watch and the Women's Rights Project); Slavenka Drakulic, «Rape After Rape After Rape», New York Times, 13 December 1992, §4, at 17, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 35582-35583; United States Mission, Fifth Submission to the United Nations Security Council Pursuant to Paragraph 5, Resolution 771 (1992), U.N. Doc. S/25171 (18 January 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 5849 (relying on the Drakulic article).
*174 Slavenka Drakulic, «Rape After Rape After Rape», New York Times, 13 December 1992, §4, at 17, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 35582-35583; United States Mission, Fifth Submission to the United Nations Security Council Pursuant to Paragraph 5, Resolution 771 (1992), U.N. Doc. S/25171 (18 January 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 5849 (relying on the Drakulic article).
*175 Slavenka Drakulic, «Rape After Rape After Rape», New York Times, 13 December 1992, §4, at 17, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 35582-35583; United States Mission, Fifth Submission to the United Nations Security Council Pursuant to Paragraph 5, Resolution 771 (1992), U.N. Doc. S/25171 (18 January 1993) IHRLI Doc. No. 5849 (relying on the Drakulic article).
*176 Helsinki Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina Volume II (18 April 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 9507-9512; Jeri Laber, «Bosnia: Questions About Rape», The New York Review of Books, 25 March 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 19913 (based on testimonies gathered by Helsinki Watch and the Women's Rights Project).
*177 An official source, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 11392-11393; United States Mission, Sixth Submission of Information to the United Nations Security Council in Accordance with Paragraph 5 of Resolution 771 (1992) (1 March 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 11904-11905.
*178 Croatia, Division of Information, Ministry of Health, SIL- 425, IHRLI Doc. No. 4621; Helsinki Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia Hercegovina Volume II 181 n.231 (18 April 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 9471.
*179 Croatia, Ministry of Health, report from Professor Branko Hodek regarding a patient, IHRLI Doc. No. 39484A.
*180 There were several camps located in these counties. For more information, see the report on Prison Camps, Annex VIII, paragraphs 1035 through 1109 and paragraphs 1210 through 1227.
*181 This background information on the conquest of Foca was taken from Roy Gutman, «Rape Camps: Evidence Serb leaders in Bosnia Ok'd Attacks», Newsday, 19 April 1993, at 5. Gutman further alleges that the leaders in Foca were directly involved in the systematic rape of Muslim women.
*182 Presidency Member Plavsic, Crimes Committed Against the Serbian People Committed on the Territory of the Republic of Srpska 3 (25 October 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 5019.
*183 An official source, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 11406, 4829.
*184 An official source, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 12945-12946 (reporting that women were raped and killed in an identified village in Foca); BiH, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population, Case 869/92 (29 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 13130, 13138 (stating that women were raped by armed men in an identified village in Foca); BiH, Security Department, Ministry of Defense, Witness Statement, Case 325/1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 31971 (stating that a Bosnian Muslim girl was raped at an identified house and that two Muslim girls were raped); BiH, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population, Case 864/92 (29 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 13130 (asserting that two girls were raped in June); BiH, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population, Case 864/92 (29 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 13130, 13138 (alleging that in late June a woman was raped and her husband killed); BiH, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population, Case 872/92 (29 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 13130, 13138 (reporting that three Bosnian Muslim women were raped in late July 1992); Helsinki Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina Volume II (18 April 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 9537-9538 (asserting that a woman was raped by three men, one from Foca and two from Montenegro); BiH, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population, Case 863/92 (29 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 13129 (stating that 10 children were raped in Kalinovik and Miljevina, Foca); Presidency Member Plavsic, Crimes Committed Against the Serbian People Committed on the Territory of the Republic of Srpska 3 (25 October 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 5019 (alleging that a named Serbian woman was raped and killed and that her father was killed); BiH, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population, Case 883/92 (29 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 13126, 13137 (stating that three Bosnian Muslim women were raped in Foca); BiH, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population, Case 743/92 (29 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 13128 (reporting that fifty Muslim women and girls from nearby villages were raped in Kalinovik); BiH, «Sexual Crimes of the Aggressor», Bulletin No. 1 (October 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 3062 (asserting that all the female Muslim residents of Foca between the ages of 13 and 14 were raped); BiH, Commission of Human Freedoms and Rights, Aggression Against the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, IHRLI Doc. No. 26695 (same).
*185 BiH, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population, Case 872/92 (29 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 33284-33285; BiH, Bulletin No. 2--Facts on War Crimes (October 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 3063.
*186 The family fled to Foca to the victim's father's house. While there, men came to the house and beat up the father. The police intervened, and the perpetrator asked them how they could protect Muslims when Muslims were killing Serbs. Humanitarian Law Fund, Statement of [victim] (1 April 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 14404- 14408.
*187 Austrian Mission, Submission to the United Nations (13 April 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 18217-18218.
*188 Petty Officer Second Class J. Ross and Master Corporal T. McComb, «Investigation Report», Rape Pilot Project, Bosnia- Hercegovina 1992-93 (Canadian Forces Military Police, 21 July 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 33819.
*189 BiH, Ministry of Defence (10 July 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 33256.
*190 The victim does not specify what «his place» is. This man is accused of running several «bordellos» in Miljevina, and is also credited with saving several women from detention and rape there. Because of this conflicting information, his place in Germany could be a «bordello» or merely his residence. BiH, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population, Case 1509-1510, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 29325-29327, 33843-33844.
*191 BiH, Bulletin No. 1--Facts on War Crimes (October 1992), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 13465-13466.
*192 In a signed statement, she reported that many of the 100 Muslim women left in Miljevina were raped. Croatia, Division of Information, Ministry of Health, SIL-418, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 4641- 4645.
*193 Tom Post, «A Pattern of Rape», Newsweek, 4 January 1993, at 34, IHRLI Doc. No. 8551.
*194 This is the same man identified in paragraph 108 as the man who saved women and girls from rape and the man who ran several brothels. Croatia, Division of Information, Ministry of Health, SIL-418, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 4641-4645; Tom Post, «A Pattern of Rape», Newsweek, 4 January 1993, at 34, IHRLI Doc. No. 8551.
*195 Roy Gutman, «A Daily Ritual of Sex Abuse»,« Newsday, 19 April 1993, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 16909-16910.
*196 BiH, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population, Case 1506/93, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 29200-29201, 33820; BiH, Bulletin No. 1--Facts on War Crimes (October 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 13466.
*197 This is the same woman identified in paragraph 108 as picking out women for Serb soldiers to rape.
*198 This witness also stated that she saw a «bordello» run by the local Serb leader identified in paragraphs 108 and 109. She also states that she was raped at Partizan Sports Hall. BiH, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 29202- 29203; Croatia, Division of Information, Ministry of Health, SIL- 421, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 4622-4623, 4626-4631.
*199 Tresnjevka, Report IHRLI Doc. Nos. 6600H-6600I; «Serbs Raped 20,000 as a `Weapon of War'», The Independent, 6 January 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 31810.
*200 BiH, Bulletin No. 2--Facts on War Crimes (October 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 3063; BiH, Commission on Human Freedoms and Rights, Aggression Against the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (6 April 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 26697 (placing the number of victims at eight).
*201 Croatian Information Centre, Witness Statement (27 August 1992), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 39205A-39207A.
*202 United States State Department, Submission to the United Nations Commission of Experts, Cases 94-1 to 94-276, Case 94-265, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 57191-57196.
*203 United States State Department, Submission to the United Nations Commission of Experts, Cases 94-1 to 94-276, Case 94-210, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 57021-57023.
*204 An official source, IHRLI Doc. No. 12945.
*205 United States State Department, Submission to the United Nations Commission of Experts, Cases 94-1 to 94-276, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 56595-56598.
*206 Philippe Koulischer, Livre Noir de la Purification Ethnique (December 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. (alleging that five named women were raped in early May 1992, and naming two alleged perpetrators); Zenica Centre for Investigating War Crimes and Crimes of Genocide on Muslims, Testimony of A.D. (23 August 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 22323 (same). One source states that this was located in a primary school. United States State Department, Submission to the United Nations Commission of Experts, Cases 94- 1 to 94-276, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 56781-56785.
*207 Helsinki Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina Volume II (18 April 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 9537-9538.
*208 United States State Department, Submission to the United Nations Commission of Experts, Cases 94-1 to 94-276, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 56781-56785.
*209 Roy Gutman, «A Daily Ritual of Sex Abuse», Newsday, 19 April 1993, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 16910-16911; United States State Department, Submission to the United Nations Commission of Experts, Cases 94-1 to 94-276, Case 94-219, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 57042- 57043; Helsinki Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina Volume II (18 April 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 9538-9547, 9539-9547; United States Mission, Seventh Submission to the United Nations Security Council, U.N. Doc. S/25586 (12 April 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 11930- 11931.
*210 United States Mission, Seventh Submission to the United Nations Security Council, U.N. Doc. No. S/25586 (12 April 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 11930-11931.
*211 Roy Gutman, «A Daily Ritual of Sex Abuse», Newsday, 19 April 1993, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 16910-16911.
*212 Id.; United States State Department, Submission to the United Nations Commission of Experts, Cases 94-1 to 94-276, Case 94- 219, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 57042-57043; Helsinki Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia- Hercegovina Volume II (18 April 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 9538- 9547, 9539-9547; United States Mission, Seventh Submission to the United Nations Security Council, U.N. Doc. S/25586 (12 April 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 11930-11931.
*213 Roy Gutman, «A Daily Ritual of Sex Abuse», Newsday, 19 April 1993, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 16910-16911; United States State Department, Submission to the United Nations Commission of Experts, Cases 94-1 to 94-276, Case 94-219, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 57042- 57043; Helsinki Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina Volume II (18 April 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 9538-9547, 9539-9547; United States Mission, Seventh Submission to the United Nations Security Council, U.N. Doc. S/25586 (12 April 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 11930- 11931; United States State Department, Submission to the United Nations Commission of Experts, Cases 94-1 to 94-276, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 56781-56785.
*214 United States State Department, Submission to the United Nations Commission of Experts, Cases 94-1 to 94-276, Case 94-265, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 57191-57196.
*215 Helsinki Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina Volume II (18 April 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 9539-9547.
*216 United States State Department, Submission to the Commission of Experts, Cases 94-1 to 94-276, Case 94-265, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 57191- 57196; United States State Department, Submission to the Commission of Experts, Cases 94-1 to 94-276, Case 94-264, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 57188-57190.
*217 United States State Department, Submission to the Commission of Experts, Cases 94-1 to 94-276, Case 94-265, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 57191- 57196; United States State Department, Submission to the Commission of Experts, Cases 94-1 to 94-276, Case 94-264, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 57188-57190; Roy Gutman, «A Daily Ritual of Sex Abuse»,« Newsday, 19 April 1993, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 16910-16911; United States State Department, Submission to the United Nations Commission of Experts, Cases 94-1 to 94-276, Case 94-219, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 57042-57043; Helsinki Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia- Hercegovina Volume II (18 April 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 9538- 9547, 9539-9547; United States Mission, Seventh Submission to the United Nations Security Council, U.N. Doc. S/25586 (12 April 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 11930-11931.
*218 United States State Department, Submission to the Commission of Experts, Cases 94-1 to 94-276, Case 94-265, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 57191- 57196; United States State Department, Submission to the Commission of Experts, Cases 94-1 to 94-276, Case 94-264, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 57188-57190.
*219 United States State Department, Submission to the Commission of Experts, Cases 94-1 to 94-276, Case 94-265, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 57191- 57196; United States State Department, Submission to the Commission of Experts, Cases 94-1 to 94-276, Case 94-264, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 57188-57190; Roy Gutman, «A Daily Ritual of Sex Abuse», Newsday, 19 April 1993, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 16910-16911; United States State Department, Submission to the United Nations Commission of Experts, Cases 94-1 to 94-276, Case 94-219, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 57042-57043; Helsinki Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia- Hercegovina Volume II (18 April 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 9538- 9547, 9539-9547; United States Mission, Seventh Submission to the United Nations Security Council, U.N. Doc. S/25586 (12 April 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 11930-11931.
*220 Report from J.M. Ross to William Fenrick, member United Nations Commission of Experts, 22 July 1993, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 35667- 35669; Roy Gutman, «A Daily Ritual of Sex Abuse», Newsday, 19 April 1993, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 16909-16911; United States State Department, Submission to the Commission of Experts, Cases 94-1 to 94-276, Case 94-265, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 57191-57196; United States State Department, Submission to the Commission of Experts, Cases 94-1 to 94-276, Case 94-264, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 57188-57190; United States State Department, Submission to the Commission of Experts, Cases 94-1 to 94-276, Case 94-219, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 57042- 57043; Helsinki Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina Volume II (18 April 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 9538-9547, 9539-9547; United States Mission, Seventh Submission to the United Nations Security Council, U.N. Doc. S/25586 (12 April 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 11930- 11931; BiH, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population, Case 2016/1993 (Dec. 29, 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 34698; Helsinki Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina Volume II (18 April 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 9544; Croatia, Division of Information, Ministry of Health, SIL-415, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 4646-4649; Facsimile transmission from Breakfast News to Frits Kalshoven, Chairman, Commission of Experts (5 January 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 4907; Tom Post, «A Pattern of Rape», Newsweek, 4 January 1993, at 33-34, IHRLI Doc No. 8550; BiH, Bulletin No. 3--Facts on War Crime (March 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 13480; Croatia, Division of Information, Ministry of Health, SIL-420, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 4628- 4631; Municipality in BiH, Report, IHRLI Doc. No. 12941.
*221 Report from J.M. Ross to William Fenrick, Chairman, Commission of Experts, 22 July 1993, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 35667-35669; BiH, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population, Case 2016/1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 34698; Helsinki Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia- Hercegovina Volume II (18 April 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 9544; Croatia, Division of Information, Ministry of Health, SIL-415, IHRLI Doc. No. 4646- 4649; Facsimile transmission from Breakfast News to Frits Kalshoven, Chairman, Commission of Experts (5 January 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 4907; Tom Post, «A Pattern of Rape», Newsweek, 4 January 1993, at 33-34, IHRLI Doc No. 8550; BiH, Bulletin No. 3-- Facts on War Crime (March 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 13480; Croatia, Division of Information, Ministry of Health, SIL-420, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 4628-4631; Municipality in BiH, Report, IHRLI Doc. No. 12941; Roy Gutman, «A Daily Ritual of Sex Abuse», Newsday, 19 April 1993, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 16909-16911.
*222 Roy Gutman, «A Daily Ritual of Sex Abuse», Newsday, 19 April 1993, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 16909-16910. Another woman interviewed in this article confirmed that women were referred to the sports hall to await safe passage.
*223 One woman stated that in August of 1992, there were 37 people at the Sports Hall. BiH, Bulletin No. 3--Facts on War Crimes (March 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 13480.
*224 United States State Department, Submission to the United Nations Commission of Experts, Cases 94-1 to 94-276, Case 94-264, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 57188-57190 (stating there were seventy women and children at the camp); Helsinki Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia- Hercegovina Volume II (18 April 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 9538- 9547 (alleging that there were about seventy-two internees about 4 of whom were older men); United States Mission, Seventh Submission to the United Nations Security Council, U.N. Doc. S/25586 (12 April 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 11930-11931 (estimating the population at seventy-four, including five older men).
*225 Report from J.M. Ross to William Fenrick, member United Nations Commission of Experts, 22 July 1993, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 35667- 35669; Roy Gutman, «A Daily Ritual of Sex Abuse», Newsday, 19 April 1993, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 16909-16911; United States State Department, Submission to the Commission of Experts, Cases 94-1 to 94-276, Case 94-265, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 57191-57196; United States State Department, Submission to the Commission of Experts, Cases 94-1 to 94-276, Case 94-264, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 57188-57190; United States State Department, Submission to the Commission of Experts, Cases 94-1 to 94-276, Case 94-219, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 57042- 57043; Helsinki Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina Volume II (18 April 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 9538-9547, 9539-9547; United States Mission, Seventh Submission to the United Nations Security Council, U.N. Doc. S/25586 (12 April 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 11930- 11931; BiH, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population, Case 2016/1993 (29 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 34698; Helsinki Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina Volume II (18 April 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 9544; Croatia, Division of Information, Ministry of Health, SIL-415, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 4646-4649; Facsimile transmission from Breakfast News to Frits Kalshoven, Chairman, Commission of Experts (5 January 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 4907; Tom Post, «A Pattern of Rape», Newsweek, 4 January 1993, at 33-34, IHRLI Doc No. 8550; BiH, Bulletin No. 3--Facts on War Crime (March 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 13480; Croatia, Division of Information, Ministry of Health, SIL-420, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 4628- 4631; Municipality of BiH, Report, IHRLI Doc. No. 12941.
*226 United States State Department, Submission to the United Nations Commission of Experts, Cases 94-1 to 94-276, Case 94-265, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 57191-57196; United States Mission, Seventh Submission to the United Nations Security Council, U.N. Doc. S/ 25586 (12 April 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 11930-11931; Roy Gutman, «A Daily Ritual of Sex Abuse», Newsday, 19 April 1993, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 16910-16911.
*227 United States State Department, Submission to the United Nations Commission of Experts, Cases 94-1 to 94-276, Case 94-265, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 57191-57196.
*228 United States State Department, Submission to the United Nations Commission of Experts, Cases 94-1 to 94-276, Case 94-265, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 57191-57196; United States State Department, Submission to the United Nations Commission of Experts, Cases 94-1 to 94- 276, Case 94-219, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 57042-57043; United States Mission, Seventh Submission to the United Nations Security Council, U.N. Doc. No. S/25586 (12 April 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 11930-11931; BiH, Bulletin No. 3--Facts on War Crimes (March 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 13480, Roy Gutman, «A Daily Ritual of Sex Abuse», Newsday, 19 April 1993, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 16910-16911.
*229 United States State Department, Submission to the United Nations Commission of Experts, Cases 94-1 to 94-276, Case 94-219, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 57042-57043.
*230 Roy Gutman, «A Daily Ritual of Sex Abuse», Newsday, 19 April 1993, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 16910-16911 (stating also that these disappeared); United States, Seventh Submission to the United Nations Security Council, U.N. Doc. S/25586 (12 April 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 11930-11931; Helsinki Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia- Hercegovina Volume II (18 April 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 9544.
*231 Philippe Koulischer, Deuxieme Livre Noir de la Purification Ethnique (December 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 6004 (alleging that 13 year old girls were raped and killed at the camp); Report from J.M. Ross to William Fenrick, member, Commission of Experts, 22 July 1993, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 35667-35669 (identifying a 13 year old girl who was raped repeatedly in front of her mother); BiH, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population, Case 2016/1993 (29 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 34698 (identifying a 12 year old who was repeatedly raped, sometimes in front of her mother); Croatia, Division of Information, Ministry of Health, SIL-415, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 4646-4649; Facsimile transmission from Breakfast News to Frits Kalshoven, Chairman, Commission of Experts (5 January 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 4907; Tom Post, «A Pattern of Rape», Newsweek, 4 January 1993, at 33-34, IHRLI Doc No. 8550; Municipality in BiH, Report, IHRLI Doc. 12941.
*232 United States State Department, Submission to the United Nations Commission of Experts, Cases 94-1 to 94-276, Case 94-219, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 57042-57043.
*233 Roy Gutman, «A Daily Ritual of Sex Abuse», Newsday, 19 April 1993, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 16909-16910.
*234 Helsinki Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina Volume II (18 April 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 9538-9547, 9539-9547; Croatia, Division of Information, Ministry of Health, SIL-415, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 4646-4649; Facsimile transmission from Breakfast News to Frits Kalshoven, Chairman, Commission of Experts (5 January 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 4907; Tom Post, «A Pattern of Rape», Newsweek, 4 January 1993, at 33-34, IHRLI Doc No. 8550.
*235 United States State Department, Submission to the United Nations Commission of Experts, Cases 94-1 to 94-276, Case 94-265, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 57191-57196; United States State Department, Submission to the United Nations Commission of Experts, Cases 94-1 to 94- 276, Case 94-264, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 57188-57190; United States State Department, Submission to the United Nations Commission of Experts, Cases 94-1 to 94-276, Case 94-219, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 57042- 57043; Helsinki Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina Volume II (18 April 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 9538-9547.
*236 Roy Gutman, «A Daily Ritual of Sex Abuse», Newsday, 19 April 1993, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 16910-16911; United States State Department, Submission to the United Nations Commission of Experts, Cases 94-1 to 94-276, Case 94-265, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 57191- 57196; United States State Department, Submission to the United Nations Commission of Experts, Cases 94-1 to 94-276, Case 94- 219, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 57042-57043; Helsinki Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia- Hercegovina Volume II (18 April 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 9538- 9547; Croatia, Division of Information, Ministry of Health, SIL-420, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 4628-4631; Croatia, Division of Information, Ministry of Health, SIL-421, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 4622-4623, 4626- 4631.
*237 This man was discussed in paragraphs 108-110.
*238 BiH, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population, Case 1509- 1510, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 29325-29327, 33843-33844; Croatia, Division of Information, Ministry of Health, SIL-420, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 4628- 4631.
*239 It is impossible to determine whether the account is provided by the same witness through different sources. Roy Gutman, «A Daily Ritual of Sex Abuse», Newsday, 19 April 1993, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 16910-16911; United States State Department, Submission to the United Nations Commission of Experts, Cases 94-1 to 94-276, Case 94-219, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 57042-57043; Helsinki Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina Volume II (18 April 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 9538-9547; United States Mission, Seventh Submission to the United Nations Security Council, U.N. Doc. S/25586 (12 April 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 11930-11931.
*240 Roy Gutman, «A Daily Ritual of Sex Abuse», Newsday, 19 April 1993, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 16910-16911; United States State Department, Submission to the United Nations Commission of Experts, Cases 94-1 to 94-276, Case 94-219, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 57042- 57043 (adding that Commander Marko Kovac had ordered the gang- rape); Helsinki Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina Volume II (18 April 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 9538-9547 (alleging that she was also gang raped by four men at Buk Bijeli before the man saved her and that the man also saved a 12 year old girl from rape that night).
*241 United States State Department, Submission to the United Nations Commission of Experts, Cases 94-1 to 94-276, Case 94-265, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 57191-57196; United States State Department, Submission to the United Nations Commission of Experts, Cases 94-1 to 94- 276, Case 94-264, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 57188-57190; Roy Gutman, «A Daily Ritual of Sex Abuse», Newsday, 19 April 1993, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 16910-16911; United States State Department, Submission to the United Nations Commission of Experts, Cases 94-1 to 94-276, Case 94-219, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 57042-57043; Helsinki Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina Volume II (18 April 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 9539-9547.
*242 United States State Department, Submission to the United Nations Commission of Experts, Cases 94-1 to 94-276, Case 94-265, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 57191-57196; United States State Department, Submission to the United Nations Commission of Experts, Cases 94-1 to 94- 276, Case 94-264, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 57188-57190; Roy Gutman, «A Daily Ritual of Sex Abuse», Newsday, 19 April 1993, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 16910-16911.
*243 Croatia, Division of Information, Ministry of Health, SIL- 418, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 4641-4645; Tom Post, «A Pattern of Rape», Newsweek, 4 January 1993, at 34, IHRLI Doc. No. 8551.
*244 BiH, Ministry of the Interior, Security Department, Information on Ethnic Cleansing in Eastern Bosnia and Herzegovina, No. 17 11- 197/1992 (21 October, 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 34887; An official source, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 11406, 4829; Croatian Mission, Submission to the United Nations Security Council (7 January 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 5133-5134.
*245 This man is discussed in paragraphs 108-110, 120.
*246 BiH, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population, Case 1758/93, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 29204, 29206, 32102, 33816; M. Cherif Bassiouni & Commander William Fenrick, Summary of Interviews of Two Rape Victims (Sarajevo, 25 April 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 15568-15569; Croatia, Division of Information, Ministry of Health, SIL-421, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 4622-4623, 4626-4631; BiH, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population, Case 1460/93, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 29240- 29241, 33815; M. Cherif Bassiouni & Commander William Fenrick, Summary of Interviews of Two Rape Victims (Sarajevo, 25 April 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 15568.
*247 Conversation with M. Cherif Bassiouni, Chairman, Commission of Experts, based on M. Cherif Bassiouni & Commander William Fenrick, Summary of Interviews of Two Rape Victims (Sarajevo, 25 April 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 15568-15569; BiH, State Commission on War Crimes, Report from investigator, 23 September 1992.
*248 United States State Department, Submission to the United Nations Commission of Experts, Cases 94-1 to 94-276, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 56610-56612.
*249 This is an old song called March to the Drina.
*250 Six of these were detainees at the same house as the witness.
*251 United States Mission, Seventh Submission to the United Nations Security Council, U.N. Doc. S/25586 (12 April 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 11929; United States State Department, Submission to the United Nations Commission of Experts, Cases 94-1 to 94-276, Case 94-218, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 57040-57041.
*252 BiH, Memorandum from war crimes investigator to the State Commission for War Crimes, 25 September 1992, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 30244-30245, 39463A; Robert Fisk, «The Rapes Went on Day and Night», The Independent, 8 February 1993, at 8, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 43916-43917.
*253 Robert Fisk, «The Rapes Went on Day and Night», The Independent, 8 February 1993, at 8, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 43916-43917.
*254 Presidency Member Plavsic, Crimes Committed Against the Serbian People Committed on the Territory of the Republic of Srpska 3 (25 October 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 5019.
*255 An official source, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 11406, 4829.
*256 There were several camps located in this county. For more information, see the report on Prison Camps, Annex VIII, paragraphs 1116 through 1153.
*257 BiH, State Commission for War Crimes, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population, 29 December 1992, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 13129, 13137.
*258 ECMM, Letter from European Community Monitor Mission, to Professor Kalshoven, Chairman, Commission of Experts, 27 January 1993, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 5889-5892.
*259 There were several camps located in this county. For more information, see the report on Prison Camps, Annex VIII, paragraphs 1157 through 1161.
*260 Croatia, Division of Information, Ministry of Health, SIL- 439 IHRLI Doc. No. 4621; Jasmina Kuzmanovic, «A Victim Awaits to Give Birth», Associated Press, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 35591-35594; Kitty McKinsey, «The Bestiality of War», Calgary Herald, 24 January 1993, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 35599-35602; Croatia, Division of Information, Ministry of Health, SIL-438, IHRLI Doc. No. 4621; Helsinki Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina Volume II 253 n.19, IHRLI Doc. No. 9547; Daniela Horvath, «The Children of the Rapes», Stern, June 1993, at 11-12, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 21591- 21592.
*261 Croatia, Division of Information, Ministry of Health, SIL- 439, IHRLI Doc. No. 4621.
*262 Jasmina Kuzmanovic, «A Victim Waits to Give Birth», Associated Press, 7 January 1993, PM Cycle, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 35591-35594; Kitty McKinsey, «The Bestiality of War», Calgary Herald, 24 January 1993, at B3, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 35599-35602.
*263 Yugoslav Mission, Press release, 11 October 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 2198.
*264 German Mission, Submission to the United Nations . . , IHRLI Doc. Nos. 5453-5454. While the allegations in this report are somewhat inflammatory, hearkening to Ottoman rule, the base allegations may be corroborated elsewhere.
*265 This demographic information is from the 1991 census of the region.
*266 United States State Department, Submission to the United Nations Commission of Experts, Cases 94-1 to 94-276, IHRLI Doc. No. 62614.
*267 Croatian Information Center, Bulletin No. 4, IHRLI Doc. No. 34955.
*268 UN Center for Human Rights, Testimony of DO-64, 11 August 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 40390-40395.
*269 UN Center for Human Rights, Testimony of DO-64, IHRLI Doc. No. 40376-40395.
*270 German Mission, Submission to the United Nations . . , IHRLI Doc. Nos. 5453-5454. While the language used in this report is inflammatory, hearkening back to the Ottoman empire, the base allegations may be corroborated by other sources. For this reason, it is included in the study.
*271 There were several camps located in this county. For more information, see the report on Prison Camps, Annex VIII, paragraphs 1200 through 1203.
*272 Deposition of [victim], Serbian State Commission for War Crimes, in Yugoslav Mission, Submission to the United Nations Mission on Human Rights, U.N. Doc. E/CN.4/1993/86 (29 January 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 12626-12629.
*273 Croatian Information Centre, Weekly Bulletin No. 16, 22 November 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 49102.
*274 UN Centre for Human Rights, Field Operations Report, 8 July 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 29666.
*275 An official source, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 38238-38239.
*276 ECMM, Report on Inter-Ethnic Violence in Vitez, Busovaca and Zenica, April 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 51697.
*277 There were several camps located in this county. For more information, see the report on Prison Camps, Annex VIII, paragraphs 1238 through 1241.
*278 An official source, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 23701-23702.
*279 There were several camps located in this county. For more information, see the report on Prison Camps, Annex VIII, paragraphs 1242 through 1258.
*280 United States, Seventh Submission of Information to the United Nations Security Council, U.N. Doc. S/25586 (12 April 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 11942-11943; Canada, Report #2, 29 June 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 26663; Amnesty International, Bosnia- Hercegovina: Rape and Sexual Abuse by Armed Forces (January 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 5520; Helsinki Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia-Herzegovina Volume II (18 April 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 9367-9369; United Kingdom, Defence Debriefing Team, Summary No. 19 of Atrocity Information, IHRLI Doc. No. 43261; BiH, State Commission for War Crimes, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population, Case 1551/93, IHRLI Doc. No. 13131; Report of Crimes Committed Against Humanity and the International Law and of Concentration Camps Formed by the Aggressor in Bosnia and Herzegovina (August 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 3319; Zdravko Grebo, Crimes Committed Against Non-Serbian Citizens of BiH, IHRLI Doc. No. 5505.
*281 Helsinki Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina Volume II 178- 181 (18 April 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 9468-9471.
*282 Zenica Center for Investigation of War Crimes and Crimes of Genocide on the Muslims, Statement of [witness], in Philippe Koulischer, Deuxieme Livre Noir de la Purification Ethnique 45 (1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 5980, 22301.
*283 Amnesty International report (unnamed), cited in BiH v. Yugoslavia, 20 March 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 17005.
*284 Though this is very similar to the Amnesty International report, there are differences in the ages of the victims, the number of women abused, and the dates. Thus, it is likely that this is a different incident.
*285 Helsinki Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina Volume II 172- 181 (18 April 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 9462-9468.
*286 There were several camps located in this county. For more information, see the report on Prison Camps, Annex VIII, paragraphs 1259 through 1335.
*287 Letter from Professor Biljana Plavsic, member of the Presidency, Serbian Republic (27 September 1992) (continuing victim testimonies) IHRLI Doc. No. 5085.
*288 Report from a meeting of the Association of Serbs from Konjic, Belgrade, 23 November 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 7060; Yugoslav Mission, Submission to the United Nations Commission of Experts (2 July 1993) IHRLI Doc. Nos. 28779, 28548.
*289 Letter from Biljana Plavsic, Member of Presidency, Serbian Republic (27 September 1992) (containing victim testimonies) IHRLI Doc. Nos. 5084, 5079-5080.
*290 An official source, IHRLI Doc. No. 5867; Serbian Council Information Centre, Documentation Regarding the Violation of Human Rights, Ethnic Cleansing, Crimes and Violence by Croatian and Muslim Armed Formations Against the Serbian Civilian Population in B-H: Dossier No. 3 - Muslim Camps in Konjic Municipality: Celebici, Sport-Hall Musala in Konjic and Donje Selo IHRLI Doc. Nos. 46149-46154, 46140-46148, 46155-46159; Serbian Council Information Centre, Rape and Sexual Abuse of Serb Women, Men and Children in Areas Controlled by Croatian and Muslim Armed Formations in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia, 1991-1993, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 21129-21131. United Nations Centre for Human Rights Field Operations Zagreb, Submission to the United Nations Commission of Experts (June 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 29666-29667; An official source, IHRLI Doc. No. 49545; Open Letter from Professor Biljana Plavsic, Member of Presidency (27 September 1992) IHRLI Doc. Nos. 5086-5087 (containing victim testimonies); Serbian Council Information Centre, Documentation Regarding the Violation of Human Rights . . . Against the Serbian Civilian Population in Bosnia Hercegovina: Dossier No. 2 (29 January 1993) IHRLI Doc. Nos. 14203-14207.
*291 An official source, IHRLI Doc. No. 49545; Serbian Council Information Centre, Rape and Sexual Abuse of Serb Women, Men and Children in Areas Controlled by Croatian and Muslim Armed Formations in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia, 1991-1993 IHRLI Doc. Nos. 21129-21131; An official source, IHRLI Doc. No. 5867; Serbian Council Information Center, Documentation Regarding the Violation of Human Rights, Ethnic Cleansing, Crimes and Violence by Croatian and Muslim Armed Formations Against the Serbian Civilian Population in B-H: Dossier No. 3 -- Muslim Camps in Konjic Municipality: Celebici, Sport-Hall Musala in Konjic and Donje Selo 6/10/92-4/21/93, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 46149-46154; United Nations Centre for Human Rights Field Operations in Zagreb, Submission to the United Nations Commission of Experts (June 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 29666-29667.
*292 Open Letter from Professor Biljana Plavsic, Member of Presidency, (27 September 1992) IHRLI Doc. Nos. 5086-5087 (containing victim testimonies).
*293 Report from a meeting of the Association of Serbs from BiH and the Association of Serbs from Konjic, BiH, 23 November 1992, in Belgrade, Serbia IHRLI Doc. No. 7042.
*294 Yugoslav Mission, Submission to the United Nations Commission of Experts (2 July 1993) IHRLI Doc. No. 28547.
*295 Yugoslav Mission, «Brothels with Serb Women Established by Muslim and Croatian Forces», Submission to the United Nations Security Council in Compliance with Paragraph 5 of Resolution 771 (1992), U.N. Doc. A/47/813, S/24991 (18 December 1992) IHRLI Doc. No. 4800.
*296 Yugoslav Mission, «Brothels with Serb Women Established by Muslim and Croatian Forces», Submission to the United Nations Security Council in Compliance with Paragraph 5 of Resolution 771 (1992), U.N. Doc. A/47/813, S/24991 (18 December 1992) IHRLI Doc. No. 4800.
*297 Yugoslav Mission, Submission to the United Nations Commission of Experts (2 July 1993) IHRLI Doc. No. 28548.
*298 An official source, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 5865, 49543.
*299 There were several camps located in this county. For more information, see the report on Prison Camps, Annex VIII, paragraphs 1336 through 1366.
*300 Kitty McKinsey, «The Bestiality of War», Calgary Herald, 24 January 1993, at B3, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 35599-35602; United States Mission, Sixth Submission to the United Nations Security Council Pursuant to Paragraph 5 of Resolution 771 (1992) (12 March 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 11901-11903.
*301 United States Mission, Sixth Submission to the United Nations Security Council Pursuant to Paragraph 5 of Resolution 771 (1992) (12 March 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 11901-11903.
*302 Croatian Mission, Submission to the United Nations Security Council (7 January 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 5133-5134; Croatia, Division of Information, Ministry of Health, SIL-431, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 4621.
*303 Carol J. Williams, «Keeping a Baby Born of Violence», L.A. Times, 24 October 1993, at A1, IHRLI Doc. No. 43913; French Mission, Supplementary Report to United Nations Security Council, (5 November 1992), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 1331-1332.
*304 Amnesty International, Bosnia-Hercegovina: Rape and Sexual Abuse by Armed Forces (January 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 5520; Ethnic Cleansing, Genocide for Greater Serbia (Tilman Zulch, ed., undated), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 14478, 014481; Carol J. Williams, «Keeping a Baby Born of Violence», L.A. Times, 24 October 1993, at A1, IHRLI Doc. No. 43913.
*305 Carol J. Williams, «Keeping a Baby Born of Violence», L.A. Times, 24 October 1993, at A1, IHRLI Doc. No. 43913.
*306 Ethnic Cleansing, Genocide for a Greater Serbia, (Tilman Zulch, ed., undated), IHRLI Doc. No. 14481.
*307 BiH, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population (29 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 13128, 13129.
*308 There were several camps located in this county. For more information, see the report on Prison Camps, Annex VIII, paragraphs 1378 through 1395.
*309 Deposition of [victim], Yugoslav State Commission for War Crimes, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 4798-4799; Milena Drazic, «Might Makes Right, Irrespective of God or Love», Borba, 20 December, 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 5076.
*310 Deposition of [victim], Yugoslav State Commission on War Crimes, in Yugoslav Mission, Submission to the United Nations Security Council, Pursuant to Paragraph 5, Resolution 771 (1992) (18 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 4795-4797; Milena Drazic, «Might Makes Right, Irrespective of God or Love», Borba, 20 December 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 5073.
*311 There were several camps located in these counties. For more information, see the report on Prison Camps, Annex VIII, paragraphs 1426 through 1467 and paragraphs 911 through 942.
*312 Tadeusz Mazowiecki, Special Rapporteur of the Commission on Human Rights, Fifth Periodic Report on the Situation of Human Rights in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia, U.N. Doc. E/CN.4/1994/47 (17 November 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 52404.
*313 The source implies that the alleged perpetrators were members of the Croatian military police, and the victims Muslim. An official source, IHRLI Doc. No. 55835.
*314 An official source, IHRLI Doc. No. 29769.
*315 An official source, IHRLI Doc. No. 38328; Tadeusz Mazowiecki, Special Rapporteur of the Commission on Human Rights, Fifth Periodic Report on the Situation of Human Rights in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia, U.N. Doc. E/CN.4/1994/47 (17 November 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 52404.
*316 Amnesty International, Urgent Action, 23 July 1993, at 1, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 34969-34970.
*317 Tadeusz Mazowiecki, Special Rapporteur of the Commission on Human Rights, Fifth Periodic Report on the Situation of Human Rights in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia, U.N. Doc. E/CN.4/1994/47 (17 November 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 52404.
*318 Id. (reporting that evictions from Mostar were accompanied by sexual abuse, including rape, and that typically, Muslim women were strip-searched by male HVO soldiers before being forced across the confrontation line).
*319 Kurt Schork, «U.N. Accuses Bosnia Croats of Ethnic Cleansing», Reuters, 20 August 1993, BC Cycle.
*320 Yugoslav Mission, Submission to the United Nations Commission on Human Rights, U.N. Doc. E/CN.4/1993/86 (29 January 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 12636; Gojko Dogo, Crimes Committed by the Croatian and Muslim Armed Forces Against the Serb Civilian Population in the Municipality of Konjic, Bosnia-Hercegovina (April to July 1992), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 10348; United States Mission, Fifth Submission to the United Nations Security Council, Pursuant to Paragraph 5 of Resolution 771 (1992), U.N. Doc. S/25171, (18 January 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 5849-5850; Amnesty International, Bosnia- Herzegovina: Rape and Sexual Abuse by Armed Forces (January 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 5522 (estimating sixty women and 110 men); Testimony of the Orthodox Bishop of Hercegovina, Dr. Atanasije Jevtic, Professor of Theology (28 September 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 775.
*321 Yugoslav State Commission on War Crimes and the Crimes of Genocide, «Deposition of [victim]», Submission to the United Nations Commission on Human Rights, U.N. Doc. E/CN.4/1993/86 (29 January 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 12633-12635; IHRLI videotape #62, transcript, IHRLI Doc. No. 52449. See also Yugoslav State Commission on War Crimes and Crimes of Genocide, «Deposition of [victim]», Submission to the United Nations Commission on Human Rights, U.N. Doc. E/CN.4/1993/86 (29 January 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 12630-12632 (stating only that the detainees were housed in hangars).
*322 Interviews with witnesses, interviewers and witnesses unidentified, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 11846-11861; Helsinki Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina Volume II (18 April 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 9629-9630, 9635-9639.
*323 Yugoslav Mission, Submission to the United Nations Commission on Human Rights, U.N. Doc. E/CN.4/1993/86 (29 January 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 12636; Gojko Dogo, Crimes Committed by the Croatian and Muslim Armed Forces Against the Serb Civilian Population in the Municipality of Konjic, Bosnia-Hercegovina (April to July 1992), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 10348; United States Mission, Fifth Submission to the United Nations Security Council, Pursuant to Paragraph 5 of Resolution 771 (1992), U.N. Doc. S/25171, (18 January 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 5849-5850; Amnesty International, Bosnia- Herzegovina: Rape and Sexual Abuse by Armed Forces (January 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 5522); Testimony of the Orthodox Bishop of Hercegovina, Dr. Atanasije Jevtic, Professor of Theology (28 September 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 775; Nikola Marinovic, Stories from Hell (1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 21053; Yugoslav State Commission on War Crimes and the Crimes of Genocide, «Deposition of [victim]», Submission to the United Nations Commission on Human Rights, U.N. Doc. E/CN.4/1993/86 (29 January 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 12633-12635; IHRLI videotape #62, transcript, IHRLI Doc. No. 52449. See also Yugoslav State Commission on War Crimes and Crimes of Genocide, «Deposition of [victim]», Submission to the United Nations Commission on Human Rights, U.N. Doc. E/CN.4/1993/86 (29 January 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 12630-12632 (stating only that the detainees were housed in hangars); Interviews with witnesses, interviewers and witnesses unidentified, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 11846-11861; Helsinki Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina Volume II (18 April 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 9629-9639; Yugoslav Mission, Submission to the United Nations Commission of Experts (2 July 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 28567.
*324 Yugoslav State Commission on War Crimes and Crimes of Genocide, «Deposition of [victim]», Submission to the United Nations Commission on Human Rights, U.N. Doc. E/CN.4/1993/86 (29 January 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 12630-12632.
*325 Recent reports indicate that only draft age Muslim men are being held by Bosnian Croat forces in charge of Dretelj and other facilities in the Mostar region. Kurt Schork, «U.N. Accuses Bosnia Croats of Ethnic Cleansing», Reuters, 20 August 1993, BC cycle.
*326 Only one report alleges that men were sexually assaulted there. Helsinki watch, War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina Volume II (18 April 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 9631-9632, 9634-9635 (reporting that two Croatian women forced 50 to 60 men to perform oral sex on each other).
*327 Yugoslav Mission, Submission to the United Nations Commission on Human Rights, U.N. Doc. E/CN.4/1993/86 (January 29, 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 12636; Gojko Dogo, Crimes Committed by the Croatian and Muslim Armed Forces Against the Serb Civilian Population in the Municipality of Konjic, Bosnia-Hercegovina (April to July 1992), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 10348; United States Mission, Fifth Submission to the United Nations Security Council, Pursuant to Paragraph 5 of Resolution 771 (1992), U.N. Doc. S/25171, (18 January 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 5849-5850; Amnesty International, Bosnia- Herzegovina: Rape and Sexual Abuse by Armed Forces (January 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 5522; Testimony of the Orthodox Bishop of Hercegovina, Dr. Atanasije Jevtic, Professor of Theology (September 28, 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 775; Nikola Marinovic, Stories from Hell (1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 21053; Yugoslav State Commission on War Crimes and the Crimes of Genocide, «Deposition of [victim]», Submission to the United Nations Commission on Human Rights, U.N. Doc. E/CN.4/1993/86 (January 29, 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 12633-12635; IHRLI videotape #62, transcript, IHRLI Doc. No. 52449. See also Yugoslav State Commission on War Crimes and Crimes of Genocide, «Deposition of [victim]», Submission to the United Nations Commission on Human Rights, U.N. Doc. E/CN.4/1993/86 (29 January 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 12630-12632; Interviews with witnesses, interviewers and witnesses unidentified, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 11846-11861; Helsinki Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina Volume II (18 April 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 9629-9639; Yugoslav Mission, Submission to the United Nations Commission of Experts (2 July 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 28567; Republic of Serbia, Information on the Aggression of the Republic of Croatia on the Republic of Srpska and Genocide over the Serbs in the Former Bosnia and Herzegovina (30 September 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 5035; German Mission, Submission to the United Nations Centre for Human Rights (6 January 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 5487; Association of Citizens of Mostar and Friends of Mostar, Report to the United Nations (25 October 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 10311; Serbian Council Information Centre, Documentation Regarding the Violation of Human Rights, Ethnic Cleansing, Crimes, and Violence by Croatian and Muslim Armed Formations Against the Serbian Civilian Population in Bosnia-Hercegovina and Croatia 1991-1993: Rape and Sexual Abuse of Serb Women (15 January 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 14193; «Article», Slobodno Nevesinja, 20 September 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 4781 (cited by Yugoslav Mission, Submission to the United Nations Security Council Pursuant to Paragraph 5 of Resolution 771 (1992), U.N. Doc. A/47/813, S/24991 (18 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 4781; Letter from Yugoslav Charge D'Affaires to Frits Kalshoven, Chairman, Commission of Experts, 27 November 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 3123; Tadeusz Mazowiecki, Special Rapporteur of the Commission on Human Rights, Third Periodic Report on the Situation of Human Rights in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia (23 February 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 11561-11562; and Inter-agency Group of the Government of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Violations of the Human Rights of Women Including Violence Against Them and Rape as a New Type of War Crimes in Bosnia-Herzegovina and Croatia (undated), IHRLI Doc. No. 21099).
*328 Interviews with witnesses, interviewers and witnesses unidentified, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 11846-11861.
*329 Id.; Helsinki Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina Volume II (18 April 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 9629-9630, 9635-9639.
*330 Yugoslav State Commission on War Crimes and Crimes of Genocide, «Deposition of [victim]», Submission to the United Nations Commission on Human Rights, U.N. Doc. E/CN.4/1993/86 (29 January 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 12630-12632.
*331 This woman was also arrested, and was one of over 50 Serbian women held at the Mostar jail. She said that at the Mostar jail all of the women were treated correctly. Helsinki Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina Volume II (18 April 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 9608-9610. The person who interviewed the witness noted that she said all the HOS members had been put in jail. This detail was not recorded in the published account. Dinah Pokempner, Field Notes, October 1992, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 35311- 35312.
*332 The witness calls this the old jail.
*333 Helsinki Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina Volume II 344- 345 (18 April 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 9640.
*334 Yugoslav Mission, Submission to the United Nations Commission on Human Rights, U.N. Doc. E/CN.4/1993/86 (29 January 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 12636.
*335 Home News, Tanjug News Agency, 8 September 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 5334; Gojko Dogo, Crimes Committed by the Croatian and Muslim Armed Forces Against the Serb Civilian Population in the Municipality of Konjic, Bosnia-Herzegovina, April-July 1992, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 10344, 10347.
*336 Gojko Dogo, Crimes Committed by the Croatian and Muslim Armed Forces Against the Serb Civilian Population in the Municipality of Konjic, Bosnia-Herzegovina, April-July 1992, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 10344, 10347.
*337 The witness did not identify her own ethnicity.
*338 IHRLI videotape #62, transcript, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 52448- 52449.
*339 United Nations, General Assembly and Security Council, Human Rights Questions: Human Rights Situations and Reports of the Special Rapporteurs and Representatives, U.N. Doc. A/47/666, S/24809 (17 November 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 1502; United Nations, Economic and Social Council, Situations of Human Rights in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia, U.N. Doc. E/CN.4/1993/50 (10 February 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 18767; United Kingdom, Defence Debriefing Team, Special Report: Concentration Camps and Other Places of Detention in the Former Republic of Yugoslavia, IHRLI Doc. No. 43018.
*340 United Nations, General Assembly and Security Council, Human Rights Questions: Human Rights Situations and Reports of the Special Rapporteurs and Representatives, U.N. Doc. A/47/666, S/24809 (17 November 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 1502.
*341 There were several camps located in this county. For more information, see the report on Prison Camps, Annex VIII, paragraphs 1474 through 1477.
*342 Croatia, Division of Information, Ministry of Health, Submission to the United Nations Secretary General (7 January 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 5133-5134.
*343 There were several camps located in this county. For more information, see the report on Prison Camps, Annex VIII, paragraphs 1509 through 1527.
*344 Statement on [victim], Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 23 November 1992, No. 07-S1, IHRLI Doc. No. 5113.
*345 Helsinki Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina Volume II (18 April 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 9506-9512; Jeri Laber, «Bosnia: Questions About Rape», The New York Review of Books, 25 March 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 19913 (based on testimonies gathered by Helsinki Watch and the Women's Rights Project); Kitty McKinsey, «The Bestiality of War», Southam News, 24 January 1993, at B3, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 35599-35602.
*346 Croatia, Division of Information, Ministry of Health, IHRLI Doc. No. 39588A.
*347 Yugoslav Mission, Submission to the United Nations Commission of Experts (2 July 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 28565.
*348 There were several camps located in this county. For more information, see the report on Prison Camps, Annex VIII, paragraphs 1530 through 2255.
*349 This background information comes from George Rodrigue, «Serbs Systematic in Ridding Region of Muslims, Many Say: Bosnia Corridor Considered Crucial to `Republic',» Dallas Morning News, 27 December, 1992, at 1A.
*350 Croatian Information Center, Witness Statement jad15ea, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 39235-39236 (reporting that one woman had been raped).
*351 Croatian Information Center, Weekly Bulletin #10, 11 October 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 43727; Croatian Information Center, Witness Statement luka5ea, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 11658-11661; Genocide and Ethnic Cleansing in Northwest Bosnia (Croatian Information Centre, Ante Beljo ed., 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 39935-39936; Croatian Information Centre, Witness Statement luka19ea, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 14589-14601 (stating that an identified woman was found dead after being raped; parts of her body, including her breasts, had been bitten off).
*352 Croatian Information Centre, Witness Statement luka16ea, IHRLI Doc. No. 39229 (stating that the village was attacked 23 July and one woman was raped); Helsinki Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia- Hercegovina Volume II 168 (18 April 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 9458- 9459 (alleging that a woman was raped).
*353 Croatian Information Centre, Witness Statement, IHRLI Doc. No. 35749 (reporting that two women were raped).
*354 Unspecified Interview by Physicians for Human Rights, IHRLI Doc. No. 39407A (stating that in August one woman was raped in the village).
*355 Croatian Information Center, Witness Statement and4ea, IHRLI Doc. No. 14616 (stating that all the younger women and girls in the village were raped).
*356 Bill Frelick, Voices from the Whirlwind, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 21609- 21617; Report of Crimes Committed Against Humanity and, International Law and of Concentration Camps Formed by the Aggressor in Bosnia and Hercegovina (August 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 3319; Stephen Engleberg, «Bosnians Provide Accounts of Abuse in Serb Camps», N.Y. Times, 4 August 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 8503 (alleging that one woman was raped in her home); Austrian Mission, Submission to the United Nations Commission of Experts (11 February 1992), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 12313-12315; BiH, War Crimes Against Civilian Population, Case 743/92 (29 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 13128 (alleging that five 13 year old girls were raped); Lee Yanowitch, «French Charity Has Evidence of New Serb Camps», Reuter Library Report, 8 December 1992, BC Cycle, IHRLI Doc. No. 35579.
*357 Austrian Mission, Submission to the United Nations Commission of Experts, (11 February 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 12315-12316 (stating that one 14 year old girl was raped).
*358 Croatian Information Center, Weekly Bulletin No. 12, 25 October 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 8549 (reporting that a witness saw 15 women raped and stated that most women in the village had been raped); Genocide and Ethnic Cleansing in Northwest Bosnia (Croatian Information Center, Ante Beljo ed., 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 39926.
*359 Canada, Report #2, U.N. Doc. S/26016 (30 June 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 26668; Croatian Information Centre, Bulletin No. 4, IHRLI Doc. No. 34960 (reporting that an identified man bragged he had raped many women and girls); Croatian Information Centre, War Crimes Against Civilians, Case 14, Weekly Bulletin No. 3, 23 August 1993, at 2, IHRLI Doc. No. 32272A8 (same); Croatian Information Centre, Witness Statement luka1ea, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 11680-11683 (same); United States State Department, Submission to the United Nations Commission of Experts, Cases 94-1 to 94-276, Case 94-263, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 57184-57187; Croatian Information Centre, Witness Statement luka17ea, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 39202A- 39204A; Croatian Information Centre, Witness Statement luka14ea, IHRLI Doc. No. 39227 (stating that in July, Serbs attacked the villages in Prijedor and raped women); United States State Department, Submission to the United Nations Commission of Experts, Cases 94-1 to 94-276, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 56352-56354 (stating that girls as young as 7 were raped); BiH, Committee for Research on Genocide and War Crimes, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 6581-6583; Notes from Physicians for Human Rights, IHRLI Doc. No. 39266A.
*360 Helsinki Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina Volume II 171- 172 (18 April 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 9461-9462 (asserting that one woman was raped in the village).
*361 Croatia, Department of Information, Ministry of Health, SIL- 202, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 6592-6593, 4624 (asserting that three women were raped at home, one of them 16 years old); Bill Schiller, «Bosnians Recall Horror of Rape by Serb Troops», Toronto Star, 4 January 1993, at 1A, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 35586-35589; Slavenka Drakulic, «Rape After Rape After Rape,» N.Y. Times, 13 December 1992, §4, at 17, IHRLI Doc. No. 35584; Tom Post, «A Pattern of Rape», Newsweek, 4 January 1993, at 32, IHRLI Doc. No. 8549 (stating that two women were raped).
*362 Croatian Information Centre, Statement of luka12ea, IHRLI Doc. No. 39219 (asserting that 100 women were raped in the village),
*363 BiH, War Crimes Against Civilian Population, Case 731/92 (29 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 13127 (stating that on 15 June twenty girls were raped); United States State Department, Submission to the United Nations Commission of Experts, Cases 94- 1 to 94-276, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 56349-56351 (reporting that in August, three women visiting Trnopolje camp were raped and their bicycles were stolen); Unspecified Interview by Physicians for Human Rights, IHRLI Doc. No. 39393A (alleging that women were raped in their homes).
*364 United States State Department, Submission to the United Nations Commission of Experts, Cases 94-1 to 94-276, Case 94-246, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 57137-57139.
*365 Croatia, Department of Information, Ministry of Health, IHRLI Doc. No. 39586A.
*366 Croatian Information Centre, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 14647-14658; Roy Gutman, «One by One», Newsday, 21 February 1993, at 5, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 7537-7538.
*367 Agence France Presse, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 35638-35640.
*368 The Riyasat, IHRLI Doc. No. 34882 (reporting on a 14 year old former prisoner at Omarska, who was pregnant as a result of rape); BiH, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population, Case 743/92 (29 December, 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 13129.
*369 IHRLI videotape, #20, transcript, IHRLI Doc. No. 53010.
*370 Statement of 004JF, BiH v. Yugoslavia, IHRLI Doc. No. 16983- 16993; United States State Department, Submission to the United Nations Commission of Experts, Cases 94-1 to 94-276, Case 94- 276, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 56649-56652.
*371 Croat Information Centre, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 14647-14658; Croat Information Centre, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 39963-39965; Roy Gutman, «One by One», Newsday, 21 February 1993, at 5, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 7537- 7538; Agence France Presse, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 35638-35640 (stating that the youngest six died at the camp).
*372 Croat Information Centre, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 14647-14658.
*373 Id.
*374 Croat Information Centre, IHRLI Doc. No. 39924; Croat Information Centre, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 39963-39965; Helsinki Watch, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 9453-9455.
*375 This may be the first witness, based on the similarities in their statements. Roy Gutman, «One by One», Newsday, 21 February 1993, at 5, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 7537-7538.
*376 Agence France Presse, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 35638-35640; Roy Gutman, «One by One», Newsday, 21 February 1993, at 5, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 7537-7538.
*377 Croat Information Centre, jad13ea, IHRLI Doc. No. 39224; Croatian Information Centre, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 39963-39965; 004JF, BiH v. Yugoslavia, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 16983-16993; Croatia, Department of Information, Ministry of Health, IHRLI Doc. No. 39579.
*378 Croat Information Centre, IHRLI Doc. No. 47014; Croatian Information Centre, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 14647-14658; 004JF, BiH v. Yugoslavia, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 16983-16993; Vlasic interview, 20 December 1993, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 44047-44055, 44060-44070; BiH, State Commission for War Crimes, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 26666-26668; Independent Television Network, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 16900-16901.
*379 Austria, Submission to the United Nations Security Council, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 18401-18404.
*380 Vlasic interview, 20 December 1993, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 44047- 44055, 44060-44070; Dinah Pokempner, Helsinki Watch, Field Notes, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 32307-32309; May Battiata, «Former Prisoners Allege Wholesale Serb Atrocities», Washington Post, 6 October 1992, at A1, IHRLI Doc. No. 35546; Ian Traynor, «When I Awoke Early the Next Morning, I Realized I Couldn't Walk for Dead Bodies», The Guardian, 6 October 1992, at 20, IHRLI Doc. No. 35549.
*381 Tadic is currently in custody of the German government, which plans to prosecute him for war crimes.
*382 United States, Submission to the United Nations Security Council, IHRLI Doc. No. 17009.
*383 The Eyes of Bosnia, IHRLI videotape 99, transcript, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 52441-52442; Austria, Submission of Information to the United Nations Security Council, IHRLI Doc. No. 18456; Bill Frelick, Voices from the Whirlwind, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 21609- 21617.
*384 United States State Department, Submission to the United Nations Commission of Experts, Cases 94-1 to 94-276, Case 94-270, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 57207-57209 (placing the population between 3000 and 4000); Croatian Information Center, Witness Statement and7ea, IHRLI Doc. No. 14638 (stating that the camp had a population of about 3500). See also, United States State Department, Submission to the United Nations Commission of Experts, Cases 94-1 to 94- 276, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 56348-56348 (asserting that the population was between 4,000 and 5,000).
*385 United States State Department, Submission to the United Nations Commission of Experts, Cases 94-1 to 94-276, Case 94-198, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 56955-56559 (placing the population at 9000 in early June).
*386 United States, Eighth Submission to the United Nations Security Council (16 June 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 23457 (women were raped in the theater across from the school); Helsinki Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina Volume II 182 (18 April 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 9472 (reporting nightly flashlight searches during which more than one girl was taken and raped); United States State Department, Submission to the United Nations Commission of Experts, Cases 94-1 to 94-276, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 56348-56348 (every night two to three females 12 and older were taken out and raped); Austria, Submission to the United Nations Commission of Experts (11 February 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 12344, 12349; United States, Fifth Submission to the United Nations Security Council, U.N. Doc. S/25171 (26 January 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 5847 (stating that a doctor kept logs of some women who were raped in the nightly sweeps of the camp); United States State Department, Submission to the United Nations Commission of Experts, Cases 94- 1 to 94-276, Case 94-198, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 56955-56959 (reporting that soldiers went through the camp nightly and raped women; seven women complained to the commander and were sent to a neuropsychiatrist in Prijedor and then to Travnik; one alleged perpetrator was jailed but released when drunk members of his unit threatened to open fire on the jail); Helsinki Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina Volume II 183-184 (18 April 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 9473-9474 (describing nightly searches and rapes); United States, Letter to the United Nations, IHRLI Doc. No. 94; United States State Department, Submission to the United Nations Commission of Experts, Cases 94-1 to 94-276, Case 94- 270, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 57207-57209 (alleging that there were nightly rapes); BiH, Testimony on Serb Killing of Civilians in Bosnia and Herzegovina Outside a Combat Context, IHRLI Doc. No. 40449 (describing regular rapes); Slovenia, Council of Human Rights, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 5194-5194A (stating that there were nightly rapes); Complaint, Jane Doe I and Jane Doe II v. Radovan Karadzic, cited in Bosnia and Herzegovina v. Yugoslavia (20 March 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 17005 (alleging that six women were raped at Trnopolje); Bill Frelick, Voices from the Whirlwind, IHRLI Doc. No. 21619 (reporting one woman's testimony that inhabitants of the town of Trnopolje were not allowed to lock their doors; women in the town were subject to nightly rapes); Peter W. Galbraith & Michelle Maynard, The Ethnic Cleansing of Bosnia- Hercegovina (Staff Report to the Foreign Relations Committee, U.S. Senate, August 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 36123 (describing nightly rapes); United States State Department, Submission to the United Nations Commission of Experts, Cases 94-1 to 94-276, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 56815-56816 (a woman from the camp was forced to return to a certain house on a regular basis to be raped); Roy Gutman, «Bosnia Rape Horror», Newsday, 9 August 1992, at 5, IHRLI Doc. No. 7543 (reporting the allegations of a woman that she was raped on a truckbed, her attacker stated «that's what your people are doing to us», a companion was raped by 12 men, and the alleged rapists returned to the hall to get women to rape three times in one night); United States, Submission to the United Nations Security Council, U.N. Doc. S/24705, IHRLI Doc. No. 122 (reporting on Gutman's story); United States State Department, Submission to the United Nations Commission of Experts, Cases 94- 1 to 94-276, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 56814-56815 (alleging women were raped nightly); Croatian Information Centre, Bulletin #2 (February 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 13313-13314 (reporting that one night twenty one girls were raped, one of them 13 years old); Canada, Submission to the United Nations, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 33836- 33837 (same); United States State Department, Submission to the United Nations Commission of Experts, Cases 94-1 to 94-276, Case 94-261, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 57175-57179 (asserting there were frequent rapes at the camp); Bill Schiller, «Bosnian Recall Horror of Rape by Serb Troops», Toronto Star, 4 January 1993, at A1, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 35586-35589 (alleging that there were nightly rapes); United States State Department, Submission to the United Nations Commission of Experts, Cases 94-1 to 94-276, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 56432-56439 (stating that one night women were raped by a tank unit from Omarska); Croatian Information Centre, Witness Statement luka13ea, IHRLI Doc. No. 39221 (describing nightly rapes); Statement of [victim], IHRLI Doc. Nos. 6588-6591, 39314- 39316 (reporting that six women were raped one night, one of whom was raped by eight men); United States, Submission to the United Nations Security Council (March 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 11897- 11898 (same); Helsinki Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina Volume II 182-183 (18 April 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 9472-9473 (alleging rape occurred nightly); Croatian Information Centre, Witness Statement and7ea, IHRLI Doc. No. 14638; Zlata Phillips & Forman Phillips, War Experiences of Children from Bosnia/Herzegovina (29 January 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 6700- 6707; Bill Frelick, Voices from the Whirlwind, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 21614- 21617 (reporting a witness' testimony that 1,800 people were held in the school, and women were raped nightly); An official source, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 12941, 12944; Unspecified Source, IHRLI Doc. No. 12941; United States State Department, Submission to the United Nations Commission of Experts, Cases 94-1 to 94-276, IHRLI Doc. No. 62707; Dinah Pokempner, Field notes, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 35301- 35302 (alleging that women were forced to undress in front of other prisoners and then raped daily) at the confiscated house of a Muslim Imam, Dinah Pokempner, Field notes, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 35320-35321; United Kingdom, Defence Debriefing Team, Summary No. 24, IHRLI Doc. No. 43282; Dispatches: A Town Called Kozarac, IHRLI tape 15, transcript, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 32247, 52963 (alleging that girls as young as 12 were raped as were older women); Bosnia- the Untold Story, IHRLI tape 14, IHRLI Doc. No. 52923 (stating that 13 year olds were raped); A Town Called Kozarac, IHRLI tape 106, transcript, IHRLI Doc. No. 52980; Dinah Pokempner, Field notes, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 32309-32313 (reporting that tank drivers raped about fifty women); Bosnia-The Hidden Horrors, IHRLI Tape 2, transcript, IHRLI Doc. No. 52793; United States State Department, Submission to the United Nations Commission of Experts, Cases 94-1 to 94-276, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 56355-56361; George Rodrigue, «Article», Dallas Morning News, 11 November 1992, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 39337A-39342A; Dele Olojede, «Bosnia Probe Sought», Newsday, 24 September 1992, at 7, IHRLI Doc. No. 35537; An official source, IHRLI Doc. No. 12944 (alleging that all the girls under 15 were raped); BiH, Commission for Collecting Facts on War Crimes, Case 734/92, IHRLI Doc. No. 31934; Unspecified source, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 14450-14451; Helsinki Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina Volume II 185 (18 April 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 9475 (reporting the rape of a 12 year old girl); Helsinki Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina Volume II 184 (18 April 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 9474 (a six or seven month pregnant woman was raped); ABC News, «Bosnia: The Hidden Horrors», Part II, Transcript #2993, Nightline, Air Date 11 November 1992, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 8498-8499; An official source, IHRLI Doc. No. 11400 (alleging that nearly all the young women and all the girls under 15 had been raped); Tresnjevka, A List of Rape/Death Camps in Bosnia-Hercegovina (28 September 1992), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 6599- 6600 (stating that women were raped in small houses near the camp); Austria, Submission to the United Nations Commission of Experts, 11 February 1992, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 12344, 12347; «Ethnic Cleansing» Genocide for Greater Serbia (Tilman Zulch ed., undated), IHRLI Doc. No. 14450; Genocide, Ethnic Cleansing in Northwest Bosnia (Croatian Information Centre, Ante Beljo ed., 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 39930.
*387 Statement V, Genocide, Ethnic Cleansing in Northwest Bosnia (Croatian Information Center, Ante Beljo ed., 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 39929-39930.
*388 Stephen Engleberg, «Refugees from Camp tell of Agony and Terror», N.Y. Times, 7 August 1992, at 8A, IHRLI Doc. No. 8519; Helsinki Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina Volume II (18 April 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 9476 (citing Engleberg).
*389 Croatian Information Centre, Statement of [witness], IHRLI Doc. No. 36245; Croatian Information Centre, Witness Statement and2ea, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 14619-14623.
*390 Agencija Sfinga, Ljubljana, The Eyes of Bosnia, IHRLI tape 99, transcript, IHRLI Doc. No. 52442; Croatian Information Centre, Witness Statement elez1, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 11667-11673.
*391 Agencija Sfinga, Ljubljana, The Eyes of Bosnia, IHRLI tape 99, transcript, IHRLI Doc. No. 52442.
*392 Helsinki Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina Volume II 165- 168 (18 April 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 9455-9458.
*393 United States State Department, Submission to the United Nations Commission of Experts, Cases 94-1 to 94-276, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 56367-56373.
*394 Republic of Slovenia, Council of Human Rights, September 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 143g; Republic of Slovenia, Council of Human Rights, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 47806, 47817; Germany, Submission to the United Nations Commission of Experts, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 5193- 5193A.
*395 An official source, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 12932-12934.
*396 Genocide, Ethnic Cleansing in Northwest Bosnia (Croatian Information Centre, Ante Beljo ed., 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 39926, 39940-39944, 39955.
*397 ECMM, Testimony of [victim], IHRLI Doc. Nos. 19017-19018.
*398 Tresnjevka, A List of Rape/Death Camps in Bosnia- Hercegovina, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 6599-6600.
*399 French Mission, Submission to the United Nations Security Council, U.N. Doc. S/24768 (5 November 1992), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 1331-1332.
*400 BiH, State Commission on War Crimes, Statement of [witness], IHRLI Doc. No. 8545.
*401 See Zlata Phillips & Forman Phillips, War Experiences of Children from Bosnia/Herzegovina, 29 January 1993, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 6700-6707; German Mission, Submission to the United Nations, IHRLI Doc. No. 5194; Agencija Sfinga, Ljubljana, The Eyes of Bosnia, IHRLI tape 99, transcript, IHRLI Doc. No. 52446 (describing the rape of the witness and rapes she witnessed, including the rape and murder of a seven year old girl); United States State Department, Submission to the United Nations Commission of Experts, Cases 94-1 to 94-276, IHRLI Doc. No. 62707 (stating that fifteen girls were raped at a camp); BiH, Commission for the Protection of Human Freedoms and Rights, IHRLI Doc. No. 26695; Croatia, Submission to the United Nations, U.N. Doc. S/25082 (7 January 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 5133-5134.
*402 There were several camps located in this county. For more information, see the report on Prison Camps, Annex VIII, paragraphs 2276 through 2328.
*403 This background information comes from John Pomfret, «Crisis in Bosnia,» Houston Chronicle, 7 May 1993, at A18, and from Kurt Schork, «Bosnian Women Tell of Gang Rapes by Serbs», The Reuter Library Report, 9 August 1992, BC Cycle.
*404 BiH, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population (29 December, 1992), Case 374/92, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 29220-29223; United States State Department, Submission to the United Nations Commission of Experts, Cases 94-1 to 94-276, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 56414-56416; BiH, «Testimony of N.N., a 16 year old Muslim, resident of Rogatica», Bulletin No. 1--Facts on War Crimes (October 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 3096.
*405 BiH, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population, Case no. 374/92 (29 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 29220-29223.
*406 BiH Ministry of Internal Affairs, Report of Crimes Committed Against Humanity and the International Law and of Concentration Camps Formed by the Aggressor in Bosnia and Herzegovina (August 1992), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 3316-3317.
*407 BiH, «N.N., a female from Rogatica», Bulletin No. 1--Facts on War Crimes, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 3092-3093, 3096, 3064; United States State Department, Submission to the United Nations Commission of Experts, Cases 94-1 to 94-276, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 56414-56416; BiH, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population, Case 565/92 (29 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 29169-27176; BiH, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population, Case 564/92 (29 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 29185; BiH, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population, Case 343/92 (29 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 29225- 29227; BiH, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population, Case 374/92 (29 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 29220-29223; BiH, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population, Case 372/92 (29 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 29218-29219; BiH, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population, Case 561/92 (29 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 33853-33854, 32095-32096; United Nations Centre for Human Rights, 19 November 1992, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 5502-5503.
*408 United States State Department, Submission to the Commission of Experts, Cases 94-1 to 94-276, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 56414-56416; BiH, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population, Case 522/92 (29 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 13129, 13137; BiH, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population, Case 565/92 (29 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 29169-27176; BiH, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population (29 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 13130, 13138; BiH, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population, Case 564/92 (29 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 29185; BiH, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population, Case 343/92 (29 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 29225-29227; BiH, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population, Case 374/92 (29 December, 1992), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 29220-29223; BiH, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population, Case 326/92 (29 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 32053- 32054; BiH, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population, Case 743/92 (29 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 13129; BiH Ministry of Internal Affairs, Report of Crimes Committed Against Humanity and the International Law and of Concentration Camps Formed by the Aggressor in Bosnia and Herzegovina (August 1992) IHRLI Doc. Nos. 3316-3317; BiH, Bulletin No. 1--Facts on War Crimes, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 3092-3093; The Riyasat, 28 September 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 34882.
*409 BiH, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population, Case 372/92 (29 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 29218-29219. The reports suggest further that Veljko Vlahovic may have been a parochial school or near a religious institution. A few of the reports state that girls and women were taken to the church complex, chapel, priory, or ecumenical center. United States State Department, Submission to the Commission of Experts, Cases 94-1 to 94-276, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 56414-56416.
*410 United States State Department, Submission to the Commission of Experts, Cases 94-1 to 94-276, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 56414-56416; BiH, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population, Case 565/92 (29 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 29169-27176; BiH, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population, (29 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 13130, 13138; BiH, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population, Case 343/92 (29 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 29225- 29227; BiH, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population, Case 372/92 (29 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 29218-29219); BiH, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population, Case 561/92 (29 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 33853-33854, 32095-32096); BiH, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population, Case 376/92 (29 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 13126; BiH, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population, Case 326/92 (29 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 32053-32054; BiH, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population, Case 335/92 (29 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 13126; BiH, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population, Case 537/92 (29 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 29217, 33852; BiH, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population, Case 743/92 (29 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 13129; BiH Ministry of Internal Affairs, Report of Crimes Committed Against Humanity and the International Law and of Concentration Camps Formed by the Aggressor in Bosnia and Herzegovina (August 1992), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 3316-3317; BiH, Bulletin No. 1--Facts on War Crimes (October 1992), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 3092-3093; The Riyasat, 28 September 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 34882.
*411 BiH, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population, Case 565/92 (29 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 29169-27176.
*412 Id.; Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population, Case (29 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 13130, 13138.
*413 BiH, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population, Case 374/92 (29 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 374/92, 29220-29223.
*414 BiH, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population, Case 565/92 (29 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 29169-27176.
*415 United States State Department, Submission to the Commission of Experts, Cases 94-1 to 94-276, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 56414-56416; BiH, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population, Case 522/92 (29 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 13129, 13137; United Nations Center for Human Rights, 19 November 1992, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 5502- 5503.
*416 BiH, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population, Case 565/92 (29 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 29169-27176; BiH, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population, Case 522/92 (29 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 13129, 13137.
*417 BiH, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population, Case 395/92 (29 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 13130, 13138; BiH, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population, Case 375/92 (29 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 13126; BiH, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population, Case 1124/92 (29 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 13131, 13139; BiH, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population, Case 1130/92 (29 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 13135, 13137; BiH, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population, Case 522/92, (29 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 13129, 13137); BiH, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population, Case 565/92 IHRLI Doc. Nos. 29169-27176; BiH, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population (29 December 1992) IHRLI Doc. Nos. 13130, 13138; BiH, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population, Case 564/92 (29 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 29185; BiH, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population, Case 343/92 (29 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 29225-29227; BiH, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population, Case 374/92 (29 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 29220-29223; BiH, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population, Case 372/92 (29 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 29218-29219; BiH, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population, Case 561/92 (29 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 33853-33854, 32095-32096; BiH, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population, Case 376/92, (29 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 13126; BiH, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population, Case 326/92 (29 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 32053-32054, BiH, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population, Case 335/92 (29 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 13126.
*418 BiH, Bulletin No. 1--Facts On War Crimes, IHRLI Doc. No. 3096; BiH, State Commission on War Crimes, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 29195- 29199.
*419 BiH, Testimony of N.N., a 16 year old Muslim, Bulletin No. 1-- Facts on War Crimes (October 1992), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 3092-3093.
*420 BiH, State Commission for War Crimes, IHRLI doc. Nos. 29195- 29199.
*421 BiH, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population, Case 372/92 (29 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 29218-29219; BiH, Bulletin No. 1--Facts On War Crimes (October 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 3064.
*422 BiH, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population, Case 374/92 (29 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 29220-29223; BiH, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population, Case 564/92 (29 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 29185.
*423 BiH, Bulletin No. 1--Facts On War Crimes (October 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 3064); BiH, Commission for the Protection of Human Freedoms and Rights.
*424 BiH, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population, Case 537/92 (29 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 29217, 33852.
*425 Croatian Mission, Submission to the United Nations Security Council, U.N. Doc. S/25082 (7 January 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 5133- 5134.
*426 BiH, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population, Case 565/92 (29 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 29169-27176, 13130, 13138; BiH, Commission for the Protection of Human Freedoms and Rights.
*427 BiH, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population, Case 565/92 (29 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 29169-27176, 13130, 13138.
*428 BiH, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population (29 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 29195-29199.
*429 BiH, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population, Case 565/92 (29 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 29169-27176, 13130, 13138; BiH, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population, Case 564/92 (29 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 29185; BiH, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population, Case 743/92 (29 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 13129.
*430 BiH, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population, Case 343/92 (29 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 29225-29227; BiH, Commission for the Protection of Human Freedoms and Rights.
*431 BiH, «Testimony of N.N., a Muslim female resident of Rogatica,» Bulletin No. 1--Facts On War Crimes (October 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 3096; BiH, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population (29 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 29195-29199.
*432 BiH, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population, Case 565/92 (29 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 29169-27176, 13130, 13138.
*433 There were several camps located in this county. For more information, see the report on Prison Camps, Annex VIII, paragraphs 2336 through 2377.
*434 French Mission, Submission to the United Nations Security Council, U.N. Doc. S/24768 (5 November 1992), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 1331-1332.
*435 Tresnjevka, A List of Rape/Death Camps in Bosnia-Hercegovina (28 September 1992), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 6599-6600.
*436 There were several camps located in this county. For more information, see the report on Prison Camps, Annex VIII, paragraphs 2378 through 2521.
*437 Rebecca Buffum Taylor, Sarajevo: A Portrait of the Siege (1994).
*438 BiH, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population Case 337/92 (29 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 13127.
*439 Tadeusz Mazowiecki, Special Rapporteur of the Commission on Human Rights, Third Periodic Report on the Situation of Human Rights in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia (26 August 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 11524-11643; Roy Gutman, «Bosnia Betrayed», Newsday, 1 November 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 43925.
*440 Vesna Hadzivukovic et al., Chronicle of an Announced Death 58 (1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 37529.
*441 Id.
*442 Nikola Marinovic, Stories From Hell (1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 21045.
*443 United States Mission, Sixth Submission to the United Nations Security Council (1 March 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 11896-11897.
*444 Id.
*445 Some reports do not provide enough information to determine the ethnicity or nationality of those who operated them. These facilities include the «Bjelaven» dormitory, the former premises of the Djordjevic firm in the Ciglane district, the Borsalino Cafe and the School of Civil Engineering. In each of these facilities, women of Serbian nationality were reportedly held and sexually abused. Brothels with Serb Women Established by Muslim and Croatian Forces, Yugoslav Mission, Submission to the United Nations Security Council, Pursuant To Paragraph 5, Resolution 771 (1992) (18 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 4800.
*446 Tadeusz Mazowiecki, Special Rapporteur of the Commission on Human Rights, Third Periodic Report on the situation of Human Rights in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia (26 August 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 11521-11643.
*447 United Kingdom, Defence Debriefing Team, Summary of Atrocities Information, IHRLI Doc. No. 43306; Yugoslav Mission, Submission to the United Nations Commission Of Experts (2 July 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 28587.
*448 Yugoslav Mission, «Brothels with Serb Women Established by Muslim and Croatian Forces», Submission to the United Nations Security Council, Pursuant to Paragraph 5, Resolution 771 (1992) (18 December, 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 4800; Tadeusz Mazowiecki, Special Rapporteur of the Commission on Human Rights, Third Periodic Report on the situation of Human Rights in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia (26 August 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 11521- 11643.
*449 BiH, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population, Case 281/92 (29 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 32022-32023.
*450 BiH, Commission for Human Freedoms and Rights, Aggression Against the Republic of Bosnia-Herzegovina (6 April 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 26695-26696.
*451 BiH, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population, Case 287/92 (29 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 31998.
*452 Also known as Sonja's Cafe, Kod Sonje, Motel Sonje, and Sonja's restaurant. Court TV, Trial of Boris Herak, transcript, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 16894-16895; United Kingdom, Defence Debriefing Team, Special Report: Concentration Camps and Other Places of Detention in the Former Republic of Yugoslavia, IHRLI Doc. No. 43022; Roy Gutman, «Bosnia Betrayed», Newsday, 1 November 1993, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 43925-43928.
*453 Yugoslav Mission, Submission to the United Nations Security Council, in Compliance of Paragraph 5 of Resolution 771 (1992) (18 December 1992).
*454 BiH, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population, Case 1911/93 (29 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 29323-29324.
*455 BiH, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population, Case 1302/93 (29 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 32042-32043.
*456 BiH, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population Case 337/92 (29 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 13127.
*457 BiH, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population (29 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 30173-30178.
*458 BiH, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population (19 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 33845-33847, 13127, 13133, 32083-32084.
*459 Supplemental Report, at 830, cited in, Application Instituting Proceedings, Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, Bosnia and Herzegovina v. Yugoslavia (20 March 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 17005; United States Mission, Third Submission of the United States Government to the United Nations Security Council Resolution 771 (1992), U.N. Doc. S/24791 (10 November 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 1354.
*460 United Kingdom, Defence Debriefing Team, Special Report: Concentration Camps and Other Places of Detention in the Former Republic of Yugoslavia, IHRLI Doc. No. 43014.
*461 BiH, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population, Case 1029/92 (29 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 13130, 13138.
*462 BiH Commission for Human Freedoms and Rights, Aggression Against the Republic of Bosnia-Herzegovina (6 April 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 26693-26701.
*463 BiH Commission for Human Freedoms and Rights, Aggression Against the Republic of Bosnia-Herzegovina (6 April 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 26696.
*464 Id.
*465 Roy Gutman, «Bosnia Betrayed», Newsday, 1 November 1993, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 43925-43928.
*466 Id., IHRLI Doc. Nos. 43922-43924; «UN in Sarajevo Calls Brothel Report Disinformation», Reuters, 1 November 1993, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 43924-43928; «UN Troops Took Sexual Advantage of Muslim and Croat Women», Associated Press, 1 November 1993; Agence France Presse, IHRLI Doc. No. 43924.
*467 Roy Gutman, «Bosnia Betrayed», Newsday, 1 November 1993, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 43922-43924; «UN in Sarajevo Calls Brothel Report Disinformation», Reuters, 1 November 1993, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 43925- 43928.
*468 BiH, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population, Case 743/92 (29 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 13128; BiH, Bulletin No. 1-- Facts on War Crimes (October 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 26694; The Riyasat, 28 September 1992, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 34885-34886.
*469 BiH, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population, Case 889/92 (29 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 13131, 13126-13132.
*470 BiH, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population, Case 743/92 (29 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 13128; The Riyasat, 28 September 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 34882.
*471 Petty Officer Second Class J. Ross and Master Corporal T. McComb, «Investigation Report», Rape Pilot Project, Bosnia- Hercegovina 1992-93 (Canadian Forces Military Police, 21 July 1993).
*472 BiH, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population, Case 281/92 (29 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 32022-32023.
*473 Tadeusz Mazowiecki, Special Rapporteur of the Commission on Human Rights, Third Periodic Report on the Situation of Human Rights in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia (26 August 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 11541-11542, 11555.
*474 Yugoslav Mission, «Brothels with Serb Women Established by Muslim and Croatian Forces», Submission to the United Nations Security Council, Pursuant to Paragraph 5, Resolution 771 (1992) (18 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 4800.
*475 Id.
*476 United Kingdom, Defence Debriefing Team, Summary No. 21 of Atrocity Information, IHRLI Doc. No. 43271.
*477 Tadeusz Mazowiecki, Special Rapporteur of the Commission on Human Rights, Third Periodic Report on the Situation of Human Rights in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia (26 August 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 11540, 11543-11545, 11548.
*478 Serbian Council Information Center, Rape and Sexual Abuse of Serb Women, Men and Children in Areas Controlled by Croatian and Muslim Armed Formations in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia, 1991-1993, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 21133-21134.
*479 Yugoslav Mission, Submission to the United Nations Security Council, Pursuant to Paragraph 5, Resolution 771 (1992) (2 July 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 28587.
*480 Id.
*481 Yugoslav Mission, «Brothels with Serb Women Established by Muslim and Croatian Forces», Submission to the United Nations Security Council, Pursuant to Paragraph 5, Resolution 771 (1992) (18 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 4800.
*482 Id.
*483 Nikola Marinovic, Stories From Hell (1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 21055.
*484 BiH, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population, Case 287/92 (29 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 31998.
*485 Yugoslav Mission, «Brothels with Serb Women Established by Muslim and Croatian Forces», Submission to the United Nations Security Council, Pursuant to Paragraph 5, Resolution 771 (1992) (18 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 4800.
*486 Id.
*487 United Kingdom, Defence Debriefing Team, Summary of Atrocities Information, IHRLI Doc. No. 43306.
*488 Tadeusz Mazowiecki, Special Rapporteur of the Commission on Human Rights, Third Periodic Report on the Situation of Human Rights in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia (26 August 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 11546.
*489 BiH Commission for Human Freedoms and Rights, Aggression Against the Republic of Bosnia-Herzegovina (6 April 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 26695-26696.
*490 French Mission, Submission to United Nations Security Council, U.N. Doc. No. S/24768 (5 November 1992), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 1331- 1332.
*491 Yugoslav Mission, «Brothels with Serb Women Established by Muslim and Croatian Forces», Submission to the United Nations Security Council, Pursuant to Paragraph 5, Resolution 771 (1992) (18 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 4800.
*492 United Kingdom, Defence Debriefing Team, Summary No. 21 of Atrocity Information, IHRLI Doc. No. 43271.
*493 BiH, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population, Case 287/92 (29 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 31998.
*494 It was specifically located in the village of Urduk.
*495 Yugoslav Mission, «Brothels with Serb Women Established by Muslim and Croatian Forces», Submission to the United Nations Security Council, Pursuant to Paragraph 5, Resolution 771 (1992) (18 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 4800.
*496 Id.
*497 Id.
*498 Id.
*499 Serbian Republic, Submission to the United Nations (5 October 1992), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 5106-5108.
*500 Yugoslav Mission «Deposition of [victim]», Submission to the United Nations Security Council Provided in Compliance With Paragraph 5 of Resolution 771 (1992) (18 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 4793; Milena Drazic, «Might makes Right, Irrespective of God or Love», Borba, 20 December 1992, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 5074-5075.
*501 Tom Post, «A Pattern of Rape», Newsweek, 4 January 1993, at 34, IHRLI Doc. No. 8551.
*502 Court TV, Trial of Borislav Herak, transcript, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 16885-16895.
*503 N.Y. Times, 28 November 1992, IRHLI Doc. Nos. 8513-8514.
*504 Court TV, Trial of Borislav Herak, transcript, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 16885-16895.
*505 BiH, State Commission for War Crimes, Testimony of Borislav Herak, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 33343-33351, 33364, 33365, 33366.
*506 Roy Gutman, «Bosnia Betrayed», Newsday, 1 November 1993, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 43925-43928.
*507 BiH, State Commission for War Crimes, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 30173- 30178.
*508 Id.
*509 Id.
*510 Roy Gutman, «Bosnia Betrayed», Newsday, 1 November 1993, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 43925-43928.
*511 Id.
*512 BiH, State Commission for War Crimes, Testimony of Borislav Herak IHRLI Doc. No. 33366.
*513 Roy Gutman, «Bosnia Betrayed», Newsday, 1 November 1993, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 43925-43928.
*514 Agence France Presse, IHRLI Doc. No. 43924.
*515 Roy Gutman, «Bosnia Betrayed», Newsday, 1 November 1993, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 43925-43928.
*516 «UN in Sarajevo Calls Brothel Report Disinformation», Reuters, 1 November 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 43922.
*517 There were several camps located in this county. For more information, see the report on Prison Camps, Annex VIII, paragraphs 2522 through 2526.
*518 French Mission, Submission to the United Nations Security Council, U.N. Doc. S/24768 (5 November 1992), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 1331-1332; Croatian Mission, Submission to the United Nations Security Council, U.N. Doc. S/25082 (7 January 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 5133-5134; «Sexual Crimes of the Aggressor», Bulletin No. 1--Facts on War Crimes (October 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 3062.
*519 BiH Commission for Human Freedoms and Rights, Aggression Against the Republic of Bosnia-Herzegovina (6 April 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 26697.
*520 This perpetrator also participated in the rape of forty young Bosnian Muslim women in Caparde, Zvornik. See infra the section of the study on Zvornik for more details.
*521 United States State Department, Submission to the United Nations Commission of Experts, Cases 94-1 to 94-276, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 56455-56457.
*522 There were several camps located in this county. For more information, see the report on Prison Camps, Annex VIII, paragraphs 2534 through 2542.
*523 Tom Post, «A Pattern of Rape», Newsweek, 4 January 1993, at 35, IHRLI Doc. No. 8552.
*524 BiH, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population, Case 1035/92 (29 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 29232-29235.
*525 The school also held 400-500 Muslim men. BiH, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population, Case 1035/92 (29 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 29232-29235.
*526 BiH, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population, Case 1035/92 (29 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 29232-29235.
*527 There were several camps located in this county. For more information, see the report on Prison Camps, Annex VIII, paragraphs 2543 through 2545.
*528 United States State Department, Submission to the United Nations Commission of Experts, Cases 94-1 to 94-276, Case 94- 185, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 56908-56910.
*529 Findings and Opinion of Specialist on the 6 June 1992 rape and murder of [victim] in Zalazje, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 5119-5120, 11759- 11760.
*530 BiH, State Commission for War Crimes, IHRLI Doc. No. 3079; Phillipe Koulischer, Deuxieme Livre Noir de la Purification Ethnique (1992), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 6030-6034.
*531 There were several camps located in this county. For more information, see the report on Prison Camps, Annex VIII, paragraphs 2550 through 2554.
*532 Tom Squitieri, «Weapons in Bosnia: Rape, Degradation», USA Today, 10 August 1992, at 1, cited in Application Instituting Proceedings, Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, Bosnia and Herzegovina v. Yugoslavia (20 March 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 17011. Squitieri spoke to the witness in a hospital in Zagreb.
*533 There were several camps located in this county. For more information, see the report on Prison Camps, Annex VIII, paragraphs 2555 through 2575.
*534 Genocide, Ethnic Cleansing in Northwestern Bosnia Genocide, Ethnic Cleansing in Northwestern Bosnia (Croatian Information Centre, Ante Beljo ed., 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 39979.
*535 United States Mission, Sixth Submission of Information to the UN Security Council in Accordance with Paragraph 5 of Resolution 771 (1992) and Paragraph 1 of Resolution 771 (1992) (1 March 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 11898-11899.
*536 Tresnjevka, A List of Rape/Death Camps in Bosnia-Hercegovina (28 September 1992), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 6599-6600.
*537 United States Mission, Sixth Submission of Information to the UN Security Council in Accordance with Paragraph 5 of Resolution 771 (1992) and Paragraph 1 of Resolution 771 (1992) (1 March 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 11898-11899; Statement of [victim], Committee for Research on Genocide and War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 6594-6595; Amnesty International, Bosnia-Herzegovina: Rape and Sexual Abuse by Armed Forces (January 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 5513, 5525. Cf., Genocide, Ethnic Cleansing in Northwestern Bosnia (Croatian Information Centre, Ante Beljo ed., 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 39979 (stating that the buildings looked new, built out of brick); Government of Croatia, Submission to the United Nations Security Council, U.N. Doc. S/25094 (12 January 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 4668-4669 (stating that the rooms were dug out of the ground like mining areas or spaces).
*538 Amnesty International, Bosnia-Herzegovina: Rape and Sexual Abuse by Armed Forces (January 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 5513, 5525 (100 women were unloaded from the witness' village); Croatia, Submission to the United Nations Security Council, U.N. Doc. S/25094 (12 January 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 4668-4669 (stating that one hundred women were kept in one large space).
*539 Statement of [victim], Committee for Research on Genocide and War Crimes in Bosnia-Herzegovina, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 6594-6595; Tresnjevka, A List of Rape/Death Camps in Bosnia-Hercegovina (28 September 1992), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 6599-6600; Testimony of unnamed women from Kalosevici, near Teslic, 24 August 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 39312-39313.
*540 United States Mission, Supplemental Submission of Information to the UN Security Council in Accordance with Paragraph 5 of Resolution 771 (1992) and Paragraph 1 of Resolution 771 (1992) (1 March 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 11898-11899.
*541 Handwritten Testimony, IHRLI Doc. No. 54459.
*542 There were several camps located in this county. For more information, see the report on Prison Camps, Annex VIII, paragraphs 2576 through 2582.
*543 Ministry of Internal Affairs, BiH, Report of Crimes Against Humanity, August 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 3318.
*544 There were several camps located in this county. For more information, see the report on Prison Camps, Annex VIII, paragraphs 2583 through 2606.
*545 BiH, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population, case 743/92 (29 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 13129; BiH, Commission for Human Freedoms and Rights, Aggression Against the Republic of Bosnia-Herzegovina (6 April 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 26697.
*546 BiH, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population, Case 743/92 (29 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 13129.
*547 BiH, Commission for Human Freedoms and Rights, Aggression Against the Republic of Bosnia-Herzegovina (6 April 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 26697.
*548 Nikola Marinovic, Stories from Hell (1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 21044.
*549 There were several camps located in this county. For more information, see the report on Prison Camps, Annex VIII, paragraphs 2607 through 2612.
*550 Yugoslav Mission, Submission to the United Nations Commission of Experts (2 July 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 28463.
*551 United States State Department, Submission to the United Nations Commission of Experts, Cases 94-1 to 94-276, Case 94- 271, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 57210-57215; Roy Gutman, «Terror Trail: Refugees in Bosnia Face Attacks on Mountain Road», Newsday, 20 November 1992, at 5, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 7579-7580, 35575-35576; Tadeusz Mazowiecki, Special Rapporteur of the Commission on Human Rights, The Situation of Human Rights in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia, U.N. Doc. No. A/47/635 (6 November 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 2254.
*552 United States, Eighth Submission to the United Nations Security Council in Accordance with Paragraph 5 of Resolution 771 (1992) (16 June 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 23446A56-2344A57, 2344A60-2344A61, 2344A65.
*553 An official source, IHRLI Doc. No. 23694.
*554 German Mission, Submission to the United Nations Commission of Experts, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 5453-5454. Though this account is somewhat inflammatory, hearkening back to the days of Ottoman rule, the base allegations may be corroborated by other sources.
*555 This information comes from the 1991 census.
*556 Seki Radonic, Monitor, 5 February 1993, at 10-11, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 13068-13068, 13071.
*557 An official source, IHRLI Doc. No. 38311; Tadeusz Mazowiecki, Special Rapporteur of the Commission on Human Rights, Fifth Periodic Report on the Situation of Human Rights in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia, U.N. Doc. E/CN.4/1994/47 (17 November 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 52404.
*558 There were several camps located in this county. For more information, see the report on Prison Camps, Annex VIII, paragraphs 2616 through 2643.
*559 Deposition of [victim], State Commission on War Crimes, in Submission to United Nations Security Council, Pursuant to Paragraph 5, Resolution 771 (1992) (18 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 4795-4797.
*560 Slobodan Jakulic, Patient Number A/26260, Medical Report, Neuro-Psychiatry Hospital, Belgrade, Serbia, IHRLI Doc. No. 5126; Slobodan Jakulic, Medical Report, Neuro-Psychiatry Hospital, Belgrade, Serbia, IHRLI Doc. No. 5124; Slobodan Jakulic, Medical Report, Neuro-Psychiatry Hospital, Belgrade, Serbia, IHRLI Doc. No. 5125.
*561 Home News, Tanjug News Agency, 8 September 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 5334; «Brothels with Serb Women Established by Muslim and Croatian Forces», Yugoslav Mission, Submission to the United Nations Security Council in Compliance with Paragraph 5 of Resolution 771 (1992) (18 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 4800; Home News, IHRLI Doc. No. 5309.
*562 Home News, Tanjug News Agency, 8 September 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 5334; «Brothels with Serb Women Established by Muslim and Croatian Forces», Yugoslav Mission, Submission to the United Nations Security Council in Compliance with Paragraph 5 of Resolution 771 (1992) (18 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 4800; Home News, IHRLI Doc. No. 5309.
*563 BiH, Commission for Human Freedoms and Rights, Aggression Against the Republic of Bosnia-Herzegovina (6 April 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 26697.
*564 French Mission, Submission to the United Nations Security Council Pursuant to Paragraph 5 of Resolution 771 (1992), U.N. Doc. No. S/24768 (5 November 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 1335; Slobodan Jakulic, Medical Report, Neuro-Psychiatry Hospital, Belgrade, Serbia, IHRLI Doc. No. 5123; Deposition of [victim], State Commission on War Crimes, Yugoslav Mission, Submission to the United Nations Security Council, Pursuant to Paragraph 5, Resolution 771 (1992) (18 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 4795- 4797; Milena Drazic, «Might Makes Right, Irrespective of God or Love», Borba, 20 December 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 5073; Dr. Slobodan Jakulic, Patient Number A/26160, Medical Report, Neuro- Psychiatry Hospital, Belgrade, Serbia, IHRLI Doc. No. 5126; Dr. Slobodan Jakulic, Medical Report, Neuro-Psychiatry Hospital, Belgrade, Serbia, IHRLI Doc. No. 5124; Dr. Slobodan Jakulic, Medical Report, Neuro-Psychiatry Hospital, Belgrade, Serbia, IHRLI Doc. No. 5125; Home News, Tanjug News Agency, 8 September 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 5334; Yugoslav Mission, Submission to the United Nations Security Council in Compliance with Paragraph 5 of Resolution 771 (1992) (18 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 4800; Home News, IHRLI Doc. No. 5309.
*565 Brothels with Serb Women Established by Muslim and Croatian Forces, Yugoslav Mission, Submission to the United Nations Security Council in Compliance with Paragraph 5 of Resolution 771 (1992) (18 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 4800.
*566 Id.
*567 The source of these reports is a doctor from the Neuro- Psychiatry Hospital Dispensary in Belgrade, where women were evaluated to determine whether they could or should receive an abortion. Slobodan Jakulic, Medical Report, Neuro-Psychiatry Hospital, Belgrade, Serbia, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 5123-5126.
*568 Deposition of [victim], State Commission on War Crimes, Yugoslav Mission, Submission to the United Nations Security Council, Pursuant to Paragraph 5, Resolution 771 (1992) (18 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 4795-4797; Milena Drazic, «Might Makes Right, Irrespective of God or Love», Borba, 20 December 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 5073.
*569 Home News, IHRLI Doc. No. 5309.
*570 Tresnjevka, A List of Rape/Death Camps in Bosnia-Hercegovina (28 September 1992), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 6599-6600.
*571 French Mission, Submission to the United Nations Security Council Pursuant to Paragraph 5 of Resolution 771 (1992), U.N. Doc. S/24768 (5 November 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 1335.
*572 BiH, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population, Case 743/92 (29 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 13128.
*573 This information comes from the 1991 census.
*574 ECMM, Humanitarian Activity--Report No. 43: Executive Summary, (24-30 October 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 47043, 50301.
*575 Tadeusz Mazowiecki, Special Rapporteur of the Commission on Human Rights, Fifth Periodic Report on the Situation of Human Rights in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia, U.N. Doc. E/CN.4/1994/47 (17 November 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 52404
*576 David B. Ottaway, Article, Washington Post Weekly, IHRLI Doc. No. 54539; John F. Burns, Article, N.Y. Times, IHRLI Doc. No. 54363.
*577 Caption of photograph, N.Y. Times, 3 November 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 43918.
*578 There were several camps located in this county. For more information, see the report on Prison Camps, Annex VIII, paragraphs 2658 through 2717.
*579 Included here are nine testimonies offered by victims or eyewitness.
*580 Tresnjevka, A List of Rape/Death Camps in Bosnia-Hercegovina (28 September 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 6599; The Riyasat, 28 September 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 9725.
*581 The Riyasat, 28 September 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 9725.
*582 BiH, Commission for the Protection of Human Freedoms and Rights.
*583 BiH, «Sexual Crimes of the Aggressor in Bosnia-Hercegovina», Bulletin No. 1--Facts on War Crimes (October 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 3062.
*584 War Crimes Investigator, Report to BiH State Commission for War Crimes, IHRLI Doc. No. 39468A; BiH, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population (29 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 13129, 13137.
*585 Id.
*586 BiH, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population, Case 353/92 (29 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 13127.
*587 Tresnjevka, A List of Rape/Death Camps in Bosnia-Hercegovina (28 September 1992) IHRLI Doc. No. 6599; The Riyasat, 28 September 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 9725; Amnesty International, Bosnia-Herzegovina: Rape and Sexual Abuse by the Armed Forces 10, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 5523-5524; BiH, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population, Case 606/92 (29 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 13131; BiH, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population, Case 353/92 (29 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 13127; Report of Crimes Committed Against Humanity and the International Law and of Concentration Camps formed by the Aggressor in Bosnia and Herzegovina (August 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 3315.
*588 Two victims reported that this man was one of the rapists in the Hotel Vilina Vlas. Another victim claimed that he and three other soldiers gathered all the girls of the village, especially teen-age girls, and then they vented «their low instincts».
*589 Croatian Mission, Submission to the United Nations Security Council, U.N. Doc. S/25094 (12 January 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 4650-4658; Petty Officer Second Class J. Ross & Master Corporal T. McComb, «Investigation Report», Rape Pilot Project, Bosnia- Hercegovina 1992-93 (Canadian Forces Military Police, 21 July 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 29317-29322, 33823-33826; Amnesty International, Bosnia-Herzegovina: Rape and Sexual Abuse by the Armed Forces 10, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 5523-5524, Peter Maass, «In Bosnia's Dirty War, Rape Is a Weapon», Washington Post, 4-10 January 1993, at 17.
*590 Croatian Mission, Submission to the United Nations Security Council, U.N. Doc. S/25094 (12 January 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 4650-4658; Petty Officer Second Class J. Ross & Master Corporal T. McComb, «Investigation Report», Rape Pilot Project, Bosnia- Hercegovina 1992-93 (Canadian Forces Military Police, 21 July 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 29317-29322, 33823-33826; Amnesty International, Bosnia-Herzegovina: Rape and Sexual Abuse by the Armed Forces 10, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 5523-5524, Peter Maass, «In Bosnia's Dirty War, Rape Is a Weapon», Washington Post, 4-10 January 1993, at 17.
*591 Croatian Mission, Submission to the United Nations Security Council, U.N. Doc. S/25094 (12 January 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 4650-4658; Petty Officer Second Class J. Ross & Master Corporal T. McComb, «Investigation Report», Rape Pilot Project, Bosnia- Hercegovina 1992-93 (Canadian Forces Military Police, 21 July 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 29317-29322, 33823-33826; Amnesty International, Bosnia-Herzegovina: Rape and Sexual Abuse by the Armed Forces 10, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 5523-5524, Peter Maass, «In Bosnia's Dirty War, Rape Is a Weapon», Washington Post, 4-10 January 1993, at 17.
*592 Croatian Mission, Submission to the United Nations Security Council, U.N. Doc. S/25094 (12 January 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 4650-4658; Petty Officer Second Class J. Ross & Master Corporal T. McComb, «Investigation Report», Rape Pilot Project, Bosnia- Hercegovina 1992-93 (Canadian Forces Military Police, 21 July 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 29317-29322, 33823-33826; Amnesty International, Bosnia-Herzegovina: Rape and Sexual Abuse by the Armed Forces 10, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 5523-5524, Peter Maass, «In Bosnia's Dirty War, Rape Is a Weapon», Washington Post, 4-10 January 1993, at 17.
*593 Croatian Mission, Submission to the United Nations Security Council, U.N. Doc. S/25094 (12 January 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 4650-4658; Petty Officer Second Class J. Ross & Master Corporal T. McComb, «Investigation Report», Rape Pilot Project, Bosnia- Hercegovina 1992-93 (Canadian Forces Military Police, 21 July 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 29317-29322, 33823-33826; Amnesty International, Bosnia-Herzegovina: Rape and Sexual Abuse by the Armed Forces 10, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 5523-5524, Peter Maass, «In Bosnia's Dirty War, Rape Is a Weapon», Washington Post, 4-10 January 1993, at 17.
*594 Croatian Mission, Submission to the United Nations Secretary General, U.N. Doc. S/25082 (7 January 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 4632-4640; Amnesty International, Bosnia-Herzegovina: Rape and Sexual Abuse by the Armed Forces 10, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 5523-5524. One victim reported that she was taken to the large fire station where she was held for five days at the end of May. She was repeatedly raped by members of Arkan's and Seselj's units. She was then taken to the Hotel Vilina Vlas and raped by nine men. While there, she witnessed several others being raped. Report of Crimes Committed Against Humanity and the International Law and of Concentration Camps formed by the Aggressor in Bosnia and Herzegovina (August 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 3315; Petty Officer Second Class J. Ross & Master Corporal T. McComb, «Investigation Report», Rape Pilot Project, Bosnia- Hercegovina 1992-93 (Canadian Forces Military Police, 21 July 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 33832-33833.
*595 BiH, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population, Case 743/92 (29 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 13128. The report states that the retarded children were also raped. The home housed approximately 300 children.
*596 BiH Ministry of Internal Affairs, Security Services Centre, Case 345/92, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 29334-29335, 33827-33831.
*597 Croatian Mission, Submission to the United Nations Security Council, U.N. Doc. S/25094 (12 January 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 4650-4658; Petty Officer Second Class J. Ross & Master Corporal T. McComb, «Investigation Report», Rape Pilot Project, Bosnia- Hercegovina 1992-93 (Canadian Forces Military Police, 21 July 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 29317-29322, 33823-33826; Amnesty International, Bosnia-Herzegovina: Rape and Sexual Abuse by the Armed Forces 5523-5524; Peter Maass, «In Bosnia's Dirty War, Rape Is a Weapon», Washington Post, 4-10 January 1993, at 17; BiH, Commission for the Protection of Human Freedoms and Rights, IHRLI Doc. No. 26695.
*598 Croatian Mission, Submission to the United Nations Security Council, U.N. Doc. S/25082 (7 January 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 4650-4658; Petty Officer Second Class J. Ross & Master Corporal T. McComb, «Investigation Report», Rape Pilot Project, Bosnia- Hercegovina 1992-93 (Canadian Forces Military Police, 21 July 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 29317-29322, 33823-33826; Amnesty International, Bosnia-Herzegovina: Rape and Sexual Abuse by the Armed Forces, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 5523-5524; Peter Maass, «In Bosnia's Dirty War, Rape Is a Weapon», Washington Post, 4-10 January 1993, at 17.
*599 Zoran Jovicic, War Crimes Committed by the Yugoslav Army 1991- 1992, (Croatian Information Centre, 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 15200-15201.
*600 Id.
*601 The Riyasat, September 28, 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 9725; BiH, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population, Case 606/92 (29 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 13131.
*602 The Riyasat, 28 September 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 9725; BiH, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population, Case 353/92 (29 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 13127; BiH, Commission for the Protection of Human Freedoms and Rights.
*603 Report from war crimes investigator to BiH State Commission for War Crimes, IHRLI Doc. No. 39468A; BiH, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population, Case 727/92 (29 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 13129, 13137.
*604 BiH, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population, Case 1091/92 (29 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 32072; Croatian Mission, Submission to the United Nations Security Council, U.N. Doc. S/25082 (7 January 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 4632-4640; BiH, Ministry of Internal Affairs, Case 345/92, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 29334-29335, 33827-33831; BiH, Security Department, Ministry of the Interior, Testimony of [victim], Case 353/1992 (5 July 1992), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 34732-34736; United States State Department, Submission to the Commission of Experts, Cases 94-1 to 94-276, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 56362-56363; BiH, Ministry of the Interior, Witness Statement, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 30235-30242; Croatian Mission, «The Extent of the Violation of Women Human Rights and the Raping as a New Type of War Crimes in Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina», Submission to the United Nations Security Council Pursuant to Paragraph 5 of Resolution 771 (1992), U.N. Doc. 25082 (30 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 4625.
*605 There were several camps located in this county. For more information, see the report on Prison Camps, Annex VIII, paragraphs 2733 through 2744.
*606 United States Mission, Eighth Submission to the United Nations Security Council in Accordance with Paragraph 5 of Resolution 771 (1992) (16 June 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 23444-23478.
*607 Tadeusz Mazowiecki, Special Rapporteur of the Commission on Human Rights, Second Periodic Report on the Situation of Human Rights in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia, U.N. Doc. E/CN.4/1994/4 (19 May 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 18743-18744; Amnesty International, Urgent Action, 26 April 1993, at 1, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 34983-34984 (citing the Independent, 21 April 1993, quoting UN sources).
*608 Tadeusz Mazowiecki, Special Rapporteur of the Commission on Human Rights, Second Periodic Report on the Situation of Human Rights in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia, U.N. Doc. E/CN.4/1994/4 (19 May 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 18744-18746.
*609 There were several camps located in this county. For more information, see the report on Prison Camps, Annex VIII, paragraphs 2745 through 2807.
*610 United States State Department, Submission to the United Nations Commission of Experts, Cases 94-1 to 94-276, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 56477-56481.
*611 Id.; United Kingdom, Defense Debriefing Team, Summary no. 19 of Atrocity Information, IHRLI Doc. No. 43263.
*612 United States State Department, Submission to the United Nations Commission of Experts, Cases 94-1 to 94-276, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 56477-56481; United Kingdom, Defence Debriefing Team, Summary No. 19 of Atrocities Information, IHRLI Doc. No. 43263.
*613 United States State Department, Submission to the United Nations Commission of Experts, Cases 94-1 to 94-276, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 56477-56481; United States Mission, Eighth Submission to the United Nations Security Council in Accordance with Paragraph 5 of Resolution 771 (1992) (16 June 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 23457-23459.
*614 United Kingdom, Defence Debriefing Team, Summary no. 19 of Atrocity Information, IHRLI Doc. No. 43263.
*615 Id.
*616 There were several camps located in this county. For more information, see the report on Prison Camps, Annex VIII, paragraphs 2808 through 2840.
*617 German Mission, Submission to the United Nations Commission of Experts, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 5453-5454.
*618 Meeting with the Center for Human Rights in Zenica, Annex N, ECMM, Report on Inter-Ethnic Violence in Vitez, Busovaca, and Zenica April 1993, H/S 720, dated 15 May 1993, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 29098-29099.
*619 There were several camps located in this county. For more information, see the report on Prison Camps, Annex VIII, paragraphs 2847 through 2912.
*620 French Mission, Submission to the United Nations Security Council, U.N. Doc. S/24768 (5 November 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 1328; Save the Humanity, Report on War Destructions in Bosnia- Hercegovina (signed witness statement, dated 1 June 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 660; Petty Officer Second Class J. Ross & Master Corporal T. McComb, «Investigation Report», Rape Pilot Project, Bosnia-Hercegovina 1992-93 (Canadian Forces Military Police, 21 July 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 33848-33849 (submitting information collected by the BiH State Commission on War Crimes); BiH, State Commission on War Crimes, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 13127-13128, 13137 (index references to the case submitted by the Canadian Forces Military Police); The Riyasat, 28 September 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 34882; Austrian Mission, Report on the Results of Interviews of Bosnian War Refugees (1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 18216-18217 (reporting that this event occurred after people were arrested and taken to a «young people's home»); International Peace Center, Sarajevo, Conscience of Human Race: Why?, IHRLI Doc. No. 32098.
*621 Unspecified Source, IHRLI Doc. No. 62813.
*622 Unspecified source, IHRLI Doc. No. 62834.
*623 United States State Department, Submission to the Commission of Experts, Cases 94-1 to 94-276, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 56455-56457.
*624 Roy Gutman, «Victims Recount Nights of Terror at Makeshift Bordello», Newsday, 23 August 1992, at 37, IHRLI Doc. No. 7542.
*625 An official source, IHRLI Doc. No. 12909.
*626 Notes and Testimonies which formed in part the basis of the Mazowiecki Report of 5 May 1993 to the UN Center for Human Rights, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 26387-26388; An official source, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 12907, 12911.
*627 United States State Department, Submission to the Commission of Experts, Cases 94-1 to 94-27, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 56455-56457; Roy Gutman, «Mass Rape», Newsday, 23 August 1992, at 5, 36-37, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 7539-7542; Amnesty International, Bosnia- Herzegovina: Rape and Sexual Abuse by the Armed Forces 10 (January 1993) (reporting on the Gutman article), IHRLI Doc. No. 5523; An official source, IHRLI Doc. No. 18954; BiH, Report of Crimes Committed Against Humanity and the International Law and of Concentration Camps Formed by the Aggressor in Bosnia and Herzegovina (August 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 3312; An official source, IHRLI Doc. No. 12907.
*628 United States State Department, Submission to the Commission of Experts, Cases 94-1 to 94-276, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 56516-56519.
*629 United States State Department, Submission to the United Nations Commission of Experts, Cases 94-1 to 94-276, Case 94- 244, IHRLI Doc. No. 57126 (stating that forty-eight females, aged 13 to 30, were taken to the factory from Brezovo Polje and raped by «Cetniks»).
*630 United States State Department, Submission to the United Nations Commission of Experts, Cases 94-1 to 94-276, IHRLI Doc. No. 62840; Bill Frelick, Voices from the Whirlwind, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 21597-21600.
*631 Bill Frelick, Voices From the Whirlwind, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 21597- 21600.
*632 Bill Frelick, Voices From the Whirlwind, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 21601- 21605.
*633 Id.
*634 United States State Department, Submission to the United Nations Commission of Experts, Cases 94-1 to 94-276, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 62672-62675.
*635 Croatian Mission, Submission to the United Nations Commission of Experts, U.N. Doc. S/25082 (7 January 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 5133-5134.
*636 United States State Department, Submission to the United Nations Commission of Experts, Cases 94-1 to 94-276, IHRLI Doc. No. 62844.
*637 There were several camps located in Croatia. For more information, see the report on Prison Camps, Annex VIII, paragraphs 2913 through 3393.
*638 This report encompasses March to December 1992.
*639 Republic of Croatia, Municipality of Benkovac, Report on Terror and Violation of Human Rights in the Occupied Area of the Municipality of Benkovac (undated), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 19110- 19111.
*640 Canadian Report #2, 29 June 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 26661.
*641 ECMM, Report on Statements About Violations of the Second Protocol to the Geneva Conventions Concerning Drnis and the Villages in the Municipality of Drnis, Annex 4 (19 November 1992), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 19223-19225.
*642 Id.
*643 Croatia, Division of Information, Ministry of Health, Testimony Glina-965, IHRLI Doc. No. 36753.
*644 UNCIVPOL, Preliminary Report: Investigative Research Concerning Displaced Persons of Serbian Origin from Outside Sector South (26 April 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 24789.
*645 Natasa Kandic, Report on War Crimes and Violations of Human Rights as Indicated in Politika, Borba, and Vjesnik (1 July 1991 - 15 January 1991) submitted to the Center for Antiwar Action for the Round Table on Yugoslavia, San Remo, 4-6 December 1992, Agenda Item 4, IHRLI Doc. No. 12054 (citing Dusan Kecman, «Holocaust Europe Has Not Seen», Politika, 11 May 1991).
*646 Case 001, War Crimes Against Prisoners, Croat Information Center, Weekly Bulletin No. 8, 27 September 1993, at 2, IHRLI Doc. No. 40342.
*647 Vojin Dabic et al., «Dossier No. 2: Rape and Sexual Abuse of Serb Women, Men and Children in Areas Controlled by Croatian and Muslim Armed Formations in Bosnia-Hercegovina and Croatia, 1991-1993», Documentation Regarding the Violations of Human Rights, Ethnic Cleansing, Crimes and Violence by Croatian and Muslim Armed Formations Against the Serbian Civilian Population in Bosnia-Hercegovina (15 January 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 14214- 14222.
*648 Croatian Information Center, Weekly Bulletin No. 17, 29 November 1993, at 2, IHRLI Doc. No. 53127 (citing Na Badnjak su dosli zatocenici iz Okucana (The Prisoners from Okucani Arrived on Christmas Eve), Vjesnik, 22 November 1993, at 6).
*649 Canadian Report #2, 29 June 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 26670.
*650 Croatian Government, Criminal Offences for which Collection of Evidence Material is in Progress, IHRLI Doc. No. 2881.
*651 Nikola Marinovic, Stories from Hell (1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 21025.
*652 Croatian Mission, Submission to the Untied Nations Security Council, U.N. Doc. S/25082 (7 January 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 4621.
*653 Open Letter from Biljana Plavsic, Member of the Presidency of the Republic of Serbia to Various Embassies (30 September 1992).
*654 Nikola Marinovic, Stories from Hell (1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 21045.
*655 Croatia, Department of Information, Ministry of Health, Testimony SIL-878, IHRLI Doc. No. 36747.
*656 Catharine A. MacKinnon, «Turning Rape into Pornography: Postmodern Genocide», Ms., July/August 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 40040.
*657 Yugoslav Mission, Submission to the United Nations Commission of Experts (2 July 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 28592; Interviews with witnesses, unidentified interviewer and witness, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 11868-11873; Helsinki Watch, Prosecute Now!, 1 August 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 29376.
*658 Nikola Marinovic, Stories from Hell (1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 21062 (citing a report from the Psychiatry Clinic of the Belgrade Military Medical Academy).
*659 Helsinki Watch, Prosecute Now, 1 August 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 29375.
*660 United States State Department, Submission to the United Nations Commission of Experts, Cases 94-1 to 94-276, IHRLI Doc. No. 62857.
*661 United States State Department, Submission to the United Nations Commission of Experts, Cases 94-1 to 94-276, IHRLI Doc. No. 62868.
*662 Interview No. 13, Helsinki Watch, 27 July 1991, IHRLI Doc. No. 21167.
*663 Croatia, Division of Information, Ministry of Health, Report on UNPROFOR Sector East, IHRLI Doc. No. 36725.
*664 Id.
*665 Id.
*666 Croatian Information Center, Weekly Bulletin #13, 2 November 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 43987.
*667 Croatia, Division of Information, Ministry of Health, Preliminary Report on Summary Execution of Croatian Civilian Detainees Captured by Serbian Paramilitary Troops in the Vicinity of Bjelovar and Grubisno in 1991, IHRLI Doc. No. 17491.
*668 BBC World Service, IHRLI Doc. No. 40125.
*669 Testimony Concerning Violation of Human Rights, Civilian Suffering and Victims of Brutality and Aggression, IHRLI Doc. No. 7312.
*670 Croatia, Division of Information, Ministry of Health, Preliminary Report on Summary Execution of Croatian Civilian Detainees Captured by Serbian Paramilitary Troops in the Vicinity of Bjelovar and Grubisno in 1991, IHRLI Doc. No. 17486.
*671 Croatia, Division of Information, Ministry of Health, Report on UNPROFOR Sector East, IHRLI Doc. No. 36725.
*672 Croatia, Criminal Offences for which Collection of Evidence Material is in Progress, IHRLI Doc. No. 2878.
*673 Testimony Concerning Violation of Human Rights, Civilian Suffering and Victims of Brutality and Aggression, IHRLI Doc. No. 7381.
*674 Nikola Marinovic, Stories from Hell (1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 21034-21036.
*675 Natasa Kandic, Report on War Crimes and Violations of Human Rights as Indicated in Politika, Borba, and Vjesnik, for the Centre for Antiwar Action, December 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 12055.
*676 Croatia, Division of Information, Ministry of Health, VU-391, IHRLI Doc. No. 50377.
*677 It is unclear from the testimony, but this could have occurred at the Velepromet warehouse. Croatia, Division of Information, Ministry of Health, Witness Statement, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 36656- 36657.
*678 Amnesty International, Bosnia-Herzegovina: Rape and Sexual Assault by Armed Forces 13-14 (January 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 5526-5527.
*679 Croatian Mission, Submission to the United Nations Security Council, U.N. Doc. S/25082 (7 January 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 4621.
*680 Croatia, Division of Information, Ministry of Health, IHRLI Doc. No. 17488.
*681 Torkel Opsahl, Report on Mission to Zagreb 11-14 August 1993, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 35348-35351 (containing statements (audio cassette and hard copy) of four Serbs, Ivanka Savic, Dusan Gurjanov, Ivica Vuletic, Nenad Bojic, and one Croat, Zeljko Naglic charged with committing serious war crimes on Croatian territory).
*682 UNPROFOR, Allegations of Human Rights Violations, Sector South, Knin, 22 April 1993, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 24443, 24479.
*683 The Yugoslav State Commission on War Crimes reportedly has witness statements on file regarding these allegations. Yugoslav Mission, Submission to the United Nations Commission of Experts (2 July 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 28563.
*684 Undated Letter from Momo Blagojevic to UN Human Rights Organization Commission for War Crimes in former Yugoslavia, Re: Allegations of War Crimes Committed/Authorized by the President of Croatia, IHRLI Doc. No. 5620.
*685 UNCIVPOL, Report on Crimes Committed Against Croats in Sector South, IHRLI Doc. No. 50466.
*686 Catharine A. MacKinnon, «Turning Rape into Pornography: Postmodern Genocide», Ms. July/August 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 40038.
*687 There were several camps located in Serbia. For more information, see the report on Prison Camps, Annex VIII, paragraphs 3394 through 3745.
*688 BiH State Commission for War Crimes, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population (29 December 1992), case 743/92, IHRLI Doc. No. 13129; The Rijaset, 2 April 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 9731.
*689 An official source, IHRLI Doc. No. 18971.
*690 Two reports involve witnesses at the prison during this time. Testimony Concerning Violation of Human Rights, Civilian Suffering and Victims of Brutality and Aggression, IHRLI Doc. No. 6488 (reporting that a witness encountered this victim in December 1991); Croatia, Division of Information, Ministry of Health, Witness Statement, IHRLI Doc. No. 39559A (stating that the witness was in custody from 15 January to 13 February 1992).
*691 Testimony Concerning Violation of Human Rights, Civilian Suffering and Victims of Brutality and Aggression, IHRLI Doc. No. 6488; Croatia, Division of Information, Ministry of Health, Witness Statement, IHRLI Doc. No. 39559A; United States State Department, Submission to the United Nations Commission of Experts, Cases 94-1 to 94-276, Case 94-171, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 56863-56867.
*692 These three camps are all near Zrenjanin, in the northeast portion of Vojvodina. Begejci is east of the city and Stajicevo is south. Livade is described only as «near» the city.
*693 Croatian Information Center, Bulletin 15, November 1993, at 2, IHRLI Doc. No. 47023. This is most likely an index version of the statement by jad14ea, below. The only difference is that this account states it occurred in Stajicevo, while the other account states that it occurred in a camp in Livade. Both are near Zrenjanin. Both accounts state that the abuse occurred in the same time frame, both identify the same alleged perpetrators, both describe the same events, and both describe the victims the same way. See Croatian Information Center, Witness Statement jad14ea (January 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 14632- 14634.
*694 Croatian Mission, Submission to the United Nations Security Council, U.N. Doc. S/25082 (7 January 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 5131.
*695 Croatia, Division of Information, Ministry of Health (26 October 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 132qqqq-132ssss.
*696 United States Department of State, Submission to the Commission of Experts, Cases 94-1 to 94-276, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 56624-56628.
*697 The reservist's name is almost identical to the reservist's in the previous account.
*698 Croatia, Division of Information, Ministry of Health, Submission to the United Nations Security Council (26 October 1992), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 132tttt-132uuuu.
*699 Testimony Concerning Violations of Human Rights, Civilian Suffering and Victims of Brutality and Aggression, IHRLI Doc. No. 7364.
*700 Croatian Information Centre, Witness statement jad14ea (January 1993), IHRLI Doc. Nos. 14632-14634.
*701 Catharine A. MacKinnon, «Turning Rape into Pornography», Ms. July/August 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 40040.
*702 United States State Department, Submission to the Commission of Experts, Cases 94-1 to 94-276, IHRLI Doc. Nos. 56455-56457.
*703 Human Rights Questions: Human Rights Situations and Reports of the Special Rapporteurs and Representatives, U.N. Doc. A/47/666, S/24809, at 34 (17 November 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 1521.